Chapter 7- Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Chronic pain/stiffness in muscles, soft tissues and joints
Fibromyalgia
Symptoms:
Fatigue, disturbed sleep, depression
Etiology:
Unknown, stress, hormonal imbalance, infection
Diagnosis: no specific test, 18 tender points
Treatment:
Alleviate symptoms
Fibromyalgia
Spinal disorder:
Sway back, anterior curve
Etiology: related to abdominal weight
Lordosis
Spinal disorder:
Posterior curve (hunchback)
Etiology:
Inflammation, tumors, tb, ankylosing, spondylosis, osteoporosis
Kyphosis
Spinal disorder: Lateral curve Etiology: Idiopathic; uneven leg lengths Treatment: Brace, surgery, fusion with rods
Scoliosis
Degenerative joint disease
Normal wear and tear, very common
Large weight-bearing joints involved
Osteoarthritis
Etiology: Unknown, aging, trauma Treatment: Reduce inflammation, minimize pain, maintain function Surgery( total hip, total knee, fusion)
Osteoarthritis
Symptoms: Rash: target lesion Resemble those of arthritis Etiology: Caused by spirochete(bacterium), transmitted by tick, carried by mice or deer
Lyme disease
Diagnosis: Blood test for antibodies Treatment: Antibiotics Vaccine no longer available
Lyme disease
Inflammation of bursa (fluid filled synovial sac)
In shoulder, elbow (tennis elbow), knee (housemaids knee), hip, tibia
Bursitis
Etiology:
Excessive friction, repeated trauma
Treatment:
Avoidance of activities, heat, NSAIDs
Bursitis
Infection of the bone and the bone marrow Etiology: Staph and strep Diagnosis: Culture of microorganism Treatment: Long-term treatment, antibiotics Surgical drainage to remove sequestrum, bone grafting; hyperbaric O2
Osteomyelitis
Hereditary disease of Utica acid metabolism; men- after 30
Gout
High levels of iron acid in blood and in synovial fluid of joints
Usually affects the first metatarsal joint of the great big toe
Treatment:
Rest, immobilization, meds. Low purine diet, antihyperuricemic meds
Gout
Diet that avoids: Turkey, pork, Ham, chicken, bacon Oatmeal, sunflower seeds Trout, oysters, shrimp, sausage, spinach, asparagus, cauliflower Navy and kidney beans
Low purine diet
Chronic disease; new bone formed faster than old broken down
Seen in persons over 40
Hardening of bones, but fragile
Paget disease (osteitis deformans)
Symptoms: Frequent fractures (pathologic) Etiology: Idiopathic Diagnosis: Blood tests, x rays, bone scan Treatment: NSAIDs, calcitonin injections, diet
Paget disease ( osteitis deformans)
Connective tissue disorder
Long extremities, tall and slender
Other organs involved (subluxation of lens and heart)
Marfan syndrome
Etiology:
Hereditary, autosomal dominant
Diagnosis:
Lena dissociation, mitral valve prolapse, scoliosis
Treatment:
Hormones to decrease growth, prevent glaucoma, prevent aortic dissection, EKGs
Marfan syndrome
Malignant tumors of musculoskeleton
Sarcomas
Decreased bone density; leases to porous bone
Spontaneous fractures, loss of height
Osteoporosis
Etiology: lack of estrogen most common
Treatment: calcium, vitamin D, estrogen, exercise, fosamax
Prevention: adequate calcium and exercise.
Osteoporosis
Defective mineralization of bones
Bones become soft, flexible, deformed
Etiology: deficiency or ineffective use of vitamin D
Diagnosis: blood tests, X-rays
Treatment: vitamin D, calcium, calcitonin, sunlight.
Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia in children
Rickets
