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Essentials Of Human Disease > Chapter 7- Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic pain/stiffness in muscles, soft tissues and joints

A

Fibromyalgia

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2
Q

Symptoms:
Fatigue, disturbed sleep, depression
Etiology:
Unknown, stress, hormonal imbalance, infection
Diagnosis: no specific test, 18 tender points
Treatment:
Alleviate symptoms

A

Fibromyalgia

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3
Q

Spinal disorder:
Sway back, anterior curve
Etiology: related to abdominal weight

A

Lordosis

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4
Q

Spinal disorder:
Posterior curve (hunchback)
Etiology:
Inflammation, tumors, tb, ankylosing, spondylosis, osteoporosis

A

Kyphosis

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5
Q 
Spinal disorder:
Lateral curve
Etiology: 
Idiopathic; uneven leg lengths 
Treatment:
Brace, surgery, fusion with rods
A

Scoliosis

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6
Q

Degenerative joint disease
Normal wear and tear, very common
Large weight-bearing joints involved

A

Osteoarthritis

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7
Q 
Etiology: 
Unknown, aging, trauma
Treatment:
Reduce inflammation, minimize pain, maintain function
Surgery( total hip, total knee, fusion)
A

Osteoarthritis

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8
Q 
Symptoms: 
Rash: target lesion
Resemble those of arthritis 
Etiology:
Caused by spirochete(bacterium), transmitted by tick, carried by mice or deer
A

Lyme disease

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9
Q 
Diagnosis:
Blood test for antibodies
Treatment:
Antibiotics 
Vaccine no longer available
A

Lyme disease

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10
Q

Inflammation of bursa (fluid filled synovial sac)

In shoulder, elbow (tennis elbow), knee (housemaids knee), hip, tibia

A

Bursitis

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11
Q

Etiology:
Excessive friction, repeated trauma
Treatment:
Avoidance of activities, heat, NSAIDs

A

Bursitis

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12
Q 
Infection of the bone and the bone marrow
Etiology:
Staph and strep
Diagnosis: 
Culture of microorganism 
Treatment:
Long-term treatment, antibiotics 
Surgical drainage to remove sequestrum, bone grafting; hyperbaric O2
A

Osteomyelitis

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13
Q

Hereditary disease of Utica acid metabolism; men- after 30

A

Gout

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14
Q

High levels of iron acid in blood and in synovial fluid of joints
Usually affects the first metatarsal joint of the great big toe
Treatment:
Rest, immobilization, meds. Low purine diet, antihyperuricemic meds

A

Gout

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15
Q 
Diet that avoids:
Turkey, pork, Ham, chicken, bacon
Oatmeal, sunflower seeds
Trout, oysters, shrimp, sausage, spinach, asparagus, cauliflower
Navy and kidney beans
A

Low purine diet

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16
Q

Chronic disease; new bone formed faster than old broken down
Seen in persons over 40
Hardening of bones, but fragile

A

Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

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17
Q 
Symptoms:
Frequent fractures (pathologic) 
Etiology:
Idiopathic
Diagnosis:
Blood tests, x rays, bone scan
Treatment:
NSAIDs, calcitonin injections, diet
A

Paget disease ( osteitis deformans)

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18
Q

Connective tissue disorder
Long extremities, tall and slender
Other organs involved (subluxation of lens and heart)

A

Marfan syndrome

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18
Q

Etiology:
Hereditary, autosomal dominant
Diagnosis:
Lena dissociation, mitral valve prolapse, scoliosis
Treatment:
Hormones to decrease growth, prevent glaucoma, prevent aortic dissection, EKGs

A

Marfan syndrome

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19
Q

Malignant tumors of musculoskeleton

A

Sarcomas

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20
Q

Decreased bone density; leases to porous bone

Spontaneous fractures, loss of height

A

Osteoporosis

21
Q

Etiology: lack of estrogen most common
Treatment: calcium, vitamin D, estrogen, exercise, fosamax
Prevention: adequate calcium and exercise.

A

Osteoporosis

22
Q

Defective mineralization of bones
Bones become soft, flexible, deformed
Etiology: deficiency or ineffective use of vitamin D
Diagnosis: blood tests, X-rays
Treatment: vitamin D, calcium, calcitonin, sunlight.

A

Osteomalacia

23
Q

Osteomalacia in children

A

Rickets

24
Q

Bunion

A

Hallux valgus

25
Q

Loss of motion in first MTP joint, stiffness

Etiology: wear and tear

A

Hallux rigidus

26
Q

Toe bends upward like a claw

A

Hammer toe

27
Q

Broken bone

A

Fracture

28
Q

Displacement of bone from its joint

A

Dislocation

29
Q

Partial dislocation

A

Subluxation

30
Q

Simple fracture

A 
Vertical break 
l   l
l   l
l--l
l   l
l   l
31
Q

Compound fracture

A 
/   /
      /   /
      \  /
  \   \
   \   \
    \   \
32
Q

Green stick fracture

A 
\   \
 \   \
  \   \
  /   /
 /   /
/   /
33
Q

Comminuted fracture

A 
l   l
            l   l
            /  /
            \   \
         /   /
               \ \
            l   l
            l   l
34
Q

Impacted fracture

A 
l   l
           l   l
           l   l
           -'-
           l   l
           l   l
           l   l
35
Q

Malignant tumors of musculoskeleton

A

Sarcomas

36
Q

Decreased bone density; leases to porous bone

Spontaneous fractures, loss of height

A

Osteoporosis

37
Q

Etiology: lack of estrogen most common
Treatment: calcium, vitamin D, estrogen, exercise, fosamax
Prevention: adequate calcium and exercise.

A

Osteoporosis

38
Q

Defective mineralization of bones
Bones become soft, flexible, deformed
Etiology: deficiency or ineffective use of vitamin D
Diagnosis: blood tests, X-rays
Treatment: vitamin D, calcium, calcitonin, sunlight.

A

Osteomalacia

39
Q

Osteomalacia in children

A

Rickets

40
Q

Bunion

A

Hallux valgus

41
Q

Loss of motion in first MTP joint, stiffness

Etiology: wear and tear

A

Hallux rigidus

42
Q

Toe bends upward like a claw

A

Hammer toe

43
Q

Broken bone

A

Fracture

44
Q

Displacement of bone from its joint

A

Dislocation

45
Q

Partial dislocation

A

Subluxation

46
Q

Simple fracture

A 
Vertical break 
l   l
l   l
l--l
l   l
l   l
47
Q

Compound fracture

A 
/   /
      /   /
      \  /
  \   \
   \   \
    \   \
48
Q

Green stick fracture

A 
\   \
 \   \
  \   \
  /   /
 /   /
/   /
49
Q

Comminuted fracture

A 
l   l
            l   l
            /  /
            \   \
         /   /
               \ \
            l   l
            l   l
50
Q

Impacted fracture

A 
l   l
           l   l
           l   l
           -'-
           l   l
           l   l
           l   l

Essentials Of Human Disease (10 decks)

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