Chapter 10- Heart Flashcards
Condition involving the arteries supplying myocardium
Narrowing leads to ischemia
Coronary heart disease
Chest pain after exertion
Due to decreased O2 to myocardium
Angina pectoris
Death of myocardial tissue
Caused by ischemia and infarct
Myocardial infarction
Most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in US
Hypertensive heart disease
Right sided heart failure
Results in enlargement of right ventricle as a sequel to primary lung disease
For pulmonale
Fluid shifts to extravascular spaces in the lungs
Pulmonary edema
Acute/chronic inflammation of the serosa
Pericarditis
Inflammation of muscular layer
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the lining and valves
Endocarditis
Systemic disease of joints and heart
Antibodies formed by strep and cause inflammation and vegetation to form on heart valves
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
Acquired or congenital disorder that can involve any of the four valves
Valvular heart disease
Murmur
Mitral stenosis
Fails to close completely
Mitral insufficiency
Click murmur
Mitral valve prolapse
Disturbances in conduction system of heart
Arrhythmias
Collapse of cardiovascular system, leads to inadequate perfusion; many causes of shock
Shock
Heart fails to pump, usually associated with MI
Cardiogenic shock
Coronary vessel breaks or heart muscle ruptures; blood is trapped in pericardial sac
Cardiac tramponade
Vascular system is responsible for supplying tissues with blood and containin O2 and nutrients.
Vascular conditions
Clots of aggregated material, occlude vessel
Emboli (embolism)
Fatty plaque of arterial tunica intimate
Atherosclerosis
Weakening and dilation of wall of artery
Aneurysm
Inflammation of vein
Phlebitis
Inflammation of vein with clot formation
Thrombophlebitis
Vasospastic disease of fingers, hands, and feet
Raynaud disease
Low red blood cells or hemoglobin
Low ability to Cary O2
Anemias
Iron deficiency Folic acid deficiency Pernicious Aplastic Sickle cell Hemorrhagic Hemolytic
Lack of iron Decrease folic acid Autoimmune Without development (stem cells) S shaped rbc s Loss of large amounts of blood Rbc s break up (chemical toxins)
Over production of immature lymphoid cells in bone marrow
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Slowly progressing diseases that results in accumulation of mature appearing but hypofunctional lymphocytes
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Rapidly progressive neoplasms cells committed to myeloid line of development
Acute myelocytic
Slowly progressing that arises in a hematopoietic stem cell or early progenitor cell
Chronic myelocytic
Abnormal collection of lymph in the extremities
Lymphedema
Inflammation of lymph vessels
Lymphangitis
Malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue
Lymphoma
Enlargement of lymph nodes, itching, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Deficiency of clotting factors
Hemophilia
Agglutination
The clumping of antigens with antibodies
Aggregation
The coming together of entities such as platelets, blood cells, or diseases
Asystole
The absence of contractions of the heart
Atherosclerosis
Fatty material build up on arteries
Bradycardia
An arrhythmia disorder when heart is beating to slow
Bruit
An abnormal sound heard in auscultation
Cardiomyopathy
A defect of the heart muscle
Dyscrasia
A pathologic condition; an abnormal condition of the blood
Fulguration
Tissue destruction with high frequency electrical sparks
Hematopoiesis
Production and development of blood cells
Hypovolemia
Abnormal decrease in blood volume
Orthopnea
Breathing becomes easier in an upright standing or sitting position
Perfusion
Delivery of O2 and other nutrients to the tissue by blood
Phlebotomy
Withdrawing blood
Plaque
A deposit of hardened material lining the blood vessels
Syncope
Fainting, lightheadedness
Tramponade
Compression of a part by pressure or a collection of fluid
Angioplasty
Repair of narrowed blood vessel through surgery or other angiographic procedures
Enlarged heart
Cardiomegaly
An acute diffuse spreading infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
Cellulitis
Discoloration of the skin associated with a contusion
Ecchymosis
Obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign substance or a blood clot blocking the vessel
Embolism
The destruction of RBCs with the release of hemoglobin
Hemolytic
Low O2 levels in the tissues
Hypoxia
Holding back or obstructing the flow of blood
Ischemia
A tiny spider like hemorrhage under the skin
Petechiae
A red purple discoloration
Purpura
Rapid heartbeat
Tachycardia
A blood clot attached to the interior wall of a blood vessel, often causing vascular obstruction
Thrombus
