Chapter 8: Culture

Question 1

Enculturation

Answer 1

The process by which a child learns his or her own culture

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

Sets of learned behaviours and ideas that humans acquire as members of society

Question 3

Transmission

Answer 3

Ability to copy a behaviour by observing or learning

Question 4

Memory

Answer 4

Ability to remember behaviours

Question 5

Reiteration

Answer 5

Ability to reproduce or imitate behaviours

Question 6

Innovation

Answer 6

Ability to develop new behaviours

Question 7

Selection

Answer 7

Ability to know which behaviours to keep or discard

Question 8

Culture is shared

Answer 8

Within and across groups

Question 9

Culture is symbolic

Answer 9

Ex: Language

Question 10

Culture is patterned

Answer 10

Cultures are varied, but patterns exist

Question 11

Culture is learned

Answer 11

Enculturation

Question 12

Culture is holistic

Answer 12

All encompassing

Question 13

Ethnocentrism

Answer 13

The opinion that one’s own way of life is natural and correct

Question 14

Cultural relativism

Answer 14

The idea that all people are important and have viable cultures

Question 15

Cultural adaptation

Answer 15

Cultural activities that help humans succeed in environments

Question 16

Maladaptations

Answer 16

Cultural activities that harm humans/environments

Question 17

Agency

Answer 17

Control of one’s own life

Question 18

Cultural determinism

Answer 18

The false belief that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are at all levels

Question 19

Participant-Observation research

Answer 19

Extended periods of close contact with another society

Question 20

Ethnography

Answer 20

Holistic study of a single group of people within a period of time

Question 21

Ethnology

Answer 21

Multiple groups in comparison, usually with a theme

Question 22

Holism

Answer 22

An analysis of a society as a whole which refuses to break society into component parts.

Question 23

Emic

Answer 23

From within the social group.

Question 24

Etic

Answer 24

From outside the social group.

Question 25

Traditional ecological knowledge

Answer 25

Set of tools, skills, and knowledge used by the people for survival.

Question 26

Entomophagy

Answer 26

The practice of eating insects.