Chapter 12: Politics Flashcards
Internalized controls
Shame and guilt cultures
Externalized controls
Sanctions
State
Centralized power
Industrial food production
Chiefdom
Kin-based social status
Centralized power
Tribe
Kin-based social status Non-intensive food production Decentralized power (big man)
Band
Egalitarian
Decentralized power
Food collectors
Minority groups
Subordinate groups with less power and less secure access to resources.
Majority groups
Superordinate, dominant or controlling groups.
Hierarchal stratification
People do not have equal access to resources: Survival, power, and prestige.
Class
A ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society.
Achieved status
Caste
A ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society.
Ascribed status
Hypodescent
Children of a union between members of different groups are automatically places in the minority group.
Colorism (Nicaragua)
A system of social identities negotiated situationally along a continuum of skin colours between white and black.
“Race” in Brazil
Less exclusionary categories allow individuals to change racial classification.
Naturalising discourses
The deliberate representation of particular identities as if they were the result of biology or nature.
