Chapter 4: Human Evolution (not on exam)

Question 1

Gradualism

Answer 1

Large changes are caused by lots of small changes, over a long period

Question 2

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 2

Periods with no change that are punctuated with a sudden change

Question 3

Taphonomy

Answer 3

The study of what happens to organic remains after death

Question 4

Mosaic evolution

Answer 4

Phenotypic pattern that shows how different traits of an organism may evolve at different rates

Question 5

Bipedalism

Answer 5

Upright, two-legged locomotion

Question 6

Hominins

Answer 6

All members of the genus Homo who show evidence of bipedalism

Question 7

Carrying model

Answer 7

Bipedalism freed hands for carrying food, children etc.

Question 8

Effective heat management

Answer 8

Less body was exposed to direct sun

Question 9

Greater endurance

Answer 9

Energy efficiency

Question 10

Increasing height

Answer 10

Better vision, more food, and display

Question 11

Walking in trees

Answer 11

Ex: Orangutans

Question 12

A. Afarensis

Answer 12

Australopithecine, smaller brain than humans, split into 2 groups

Question 13

H. Erectus

Answer 13

Pushed hominin range beyond Africa into Asia and Europe

40,000 years ago

Question 14

Lower Paleolithic

Answer 14

Period of hominid development

Question 15

Middle Paleolithic

Answer 15

Neanderthals/H.sapiens appear

Question 16

Upper Paleolithic

Answer 16

Homo Sapiens & H. floresiensis

Question 17

Neanderthals

Answer 17

Short, broad nosed, fair skinned, light hair, barrel-chested

Question 18

Neanderthal extinction

Answer 18

Multiple theories. There was interbreeding between neanderthals and H.sapiens though

Question 19

Denisovans

Answer 19

Only have teeth and a finger bone

DNA found in modern populations in Asia