Chapter 8- Cultural Behaviour

Question 1

norms (social)

Answer 1

rules that regulate social life, including explicit laws and implicit cultural conventions

Question 2

role

Answer 2

a given social position that is governed by a set of norms for proper behaviour

Question 3

culture

Answer 3

a program of shared rules that govern the behaviour of people in a community/society, and a set of values/beliefs/customs shared by most members of that community.

Question 4

entrapment

Answer 4

gradual process which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time, money, or effort

Question 5

social cognition

Answer 5

an area in social psych concerned with social influences on thought, memory, perception and beliefs

Question 6

attribution theory

Answer 6

that people are motivated to explain their own and other peoples behaviour by attributing causes of that behaviour to a situation/disposition

Question 7

situational attribution

Answer 7

something in the situation or environment causes the action

Question 8

dispositional attribution

Answer 8

cause of the action as something in the person (trait or motive)

Question 9

fundamental attribution error

Answer 9

tendency in explaining other peoples behaviour, to overestimate personality factors and underestimate influence of the situation

Question 10

just-world hypothesis

Answer 10

notion that he world is fair, and that justice is served, that bad people are punished and good people rewarded

Question 11

cognitive dissonance

Answer 11

state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds 2 cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent or when a persons belief is incongruent with his/her behaviour.

Question 12

familiarity effect

Answer 12

tendency to feel more positive toward a person, item, product or stimulus the more familiar they are with it.

Question 13

validity effect

Answer 13

tendency of people to believe that a statement is true or valid because it has been repeated many times

Question 14

groupthink

Answer 14

tendency for all members of a group to think alike for the sake of harmony and to suppress disagreement

Question 15

In groups, the tendency of members to avoid taking action because they assume that others will

Answer 15

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 16

deidividuation

Answer 16

in groups or crowds, the loss of awareness of ones own individuality and hand themselves over to the crowd mood/actions

Question 17

social identity

Answer 17

part of a persons self-concept based on his/her identification w a nation, religious or political group, occupation or other social affiliation

Question 18

ethnic identity

Answer 18

persons identification w a racial or ethnic group

Question 19

acculturation

Answer 19

process by which members of minority groups come to identify w and feel part of the mainstream culture

Question 20

Belief that ones own ethnic group, nation or religion is superior to all others

Answer 20

ethnocentrism

Question 21

stereotype

Answer 21

summary impression of a group, in which a person believes that all members of the group share a common trait(s) positive/negative/neutral.

Question 22

prejudice

Answer 22

a strong, unreasonable dislike or hatred of a group, based on a negative stereotype