Chapter 16- Approaches to Treatment & Therapy

Question 1

Drugs used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia & other psychotic disorders often used off label & inappropriately for other disorders such as dementia & impulsive aggressiveness.

Answer 1

Anti-psychotic drugs (neuroleptics)

Question 2

Drugs used primarily in treatment of mood disorders, especially depression and anxiety. (E.g. MAOIs, trycyclic, SSRIs)

Answer 2

Anti-depressant drugs

Question 3

tranquilizers

Answer 3

drugs commonly but often inappropriately prescribed for patients who complain of unhappiness, anxiety or worry. (E.g. Valium, Xanax, Beta blockers)

Question 4

Lithium carbonate (salt)

Answer 4

Drug frequently given to people with bipolar disorder

Question 5

Placebo effect

Answer 5

Apparent success of a medication or treatment due to the patients expectations or hopes rather than to the drug or treatment itself.

Question 6

Therapeutic window

Answer 6

Amount of a drug that is enough but not too much, taking into account the fact that the same dose may be metabolized differently in males vs. females, old vs. young, or different ethnic groups.

Question 7

Psychosurgery

Answer 7

Medical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behaviour

Question 8

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 8

A procedure used in cases of prolonged & severe major depression, in which a brief brain seizure is induced.

Question 9

A theory of personality & a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts.

Answer 9

Psychoanalysis

Question 10

A critical process in psychodynamic therapies, client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions, such as emotional feelings about his/her parents, onto the therapist.

Answer 10

Transference

Question 11

Behaviour therapy

Answer 11

Applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviours.

Question 12

Graduated exposure

Answer 12

behaviour therapy, a person suffering from a phobia or panic attacks is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory until the anxiety subsides

Question 13

Flooding

Answer 13

behaviour therapy, a form of exposure treatment in which the client is taken directly into the feared situation and remains there until his or her panic subsides

Question 14

Systematic desensitization

Answer 14

Behaviour therapy, a step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience; it is based on the classical conditioning procedure of counter conditioning

Question 15

Behavioural self-monitoring

Answer 15

behaviour therapy, a method of keeping careful data on the frequency and consequences of the behaviour to be changed

Question 16

Skills training

Answer 16

behaviour therapy, an effort to teach the client skills that he/she may lack, as well as new constructive behaviours to replace self-defeating ones

Question 17

cognitive therapy

Answer 17

a form of therapy designed to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and hence, to reduce negative emotions

Question 18

Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)

Answer 18

a form of cognitive therapy devised by Albert Ellis, designed to challenge the client’s unrealistic thoughts

Question 19

Humanist therapy

Answer 19

psychotherapy, based on philosophy of humanism, which emphasizes the clients free will to change rather than past conflicts.

Question 20

Client-centered (nondirective) therapy

Answer 20

a humanist approach, Carl Rogers, emphasizes the therapist’s empathy with the client and use of conditional positive regard

Question 21

existential therapy

Answer 21

designed to help the clients explore the meaning of existence and face the great questions of life, such as death, freedom, alienation, loneliness.

Question 22

Family-systems perspective

Answer 22

approach to doing therapy with individuals or families by identifying how each family member forms a part of a larger interacting system

Question 23

Therapeutic alliance

Answer 23

bond of confidence and mutual understanding established between therapist and client, allows them to work together to solve the client’s problems.

Question 24

Randomized controlled trials

Answer 24

Research designed to determine the effectiveness of a new medication or form of therapy, in which people with a given problem or disorder are randomly assigned to one or more treatment groups or to a control group.