Chapter 13- Development

Question 1

socialization

Answer 1

process by which children learn behaviours, attitudes, expectations required of them by their society or culture

Question 2

contact comfort

Answer 2

primates, innate pleasure derived from close physical contact, basis of the infants 1st attachment

Question 3

separation anxiety

Answer 3

distress that most children develop, 6-8mths, primary caregivers leave kids temporarily w strangers

Question 4

telegraphic speech

Answer 4

a childs 1st word combinations, which omit unnecessary words (like telegrams)

Question 5

object permanence

Answer 5

the understanding which develops throughout the first year, that an object continues to exist even when you cannot see it or touch it.

Question 6

conservation

Answer 6

understanding that the physical properties of objects such as the number of items in a cluster, amt of liquid in a glass, can remain the same even when their form or appearance changes

Question 7

theory of mind

Answer 7

a system of beliefs about the ways ones own mind and mind of others works and how individuals are affected by their beliefs and feelings

Question 8

power assertion

Answer 8

method of child rearing in which parent uses punishment and authority to correct the childs misbehaviour

Question 9

induction

Answer 9

method of child rearing in which the parent appeals to the childs own abilities, sense of responsibility, feelings for others in correcting the childs misbehaviour

Question 10

gender identity

Answer 10

fundamental sense of being male or female; it is dependent of whether the person conforms to the social and cultural rules of gender

Question 11

gender typing

Answer 11

process by which children learn the abilities, interests, behvaiours associated w being masculine or feminine in their culture

Question 12

intersex conditions

Answer 12

conditions in which chromosomal or hormonal anomalies cause a child to be born w ambiguous genitals that conflict w the infants chromosomes

Question 13

gender schema

Answer 13

a cognitive schema (mental network) of knowledge/beliefs/expectations about what is means to be male or female

Question 14

puberty

Answer 14

age at which a person becomes capable of sexual reproduction

Question 15

menarche

Answer 15

onset of menstruation during puberty

Question 16

menopause

Answer 16

cessation of menstruation and of the production of ova; usually a gradual process lasting several years

Question 17

fluid intelligence

Answer 17

capacity for deductive reasoning and the ability to use new info to solve problems; it is relatively independent of education and tends to decrease in old age

Question 18

crystallized intelligence

Answer 18

cognitive skills and specific knowledge of info acquired over a lifetime; it is heavily dependent on education and tends to remain stable over the lifetime