Chapter 8: Bones Flashcards
4 Types of Articulating Surfaces
- Condyle
- Facet
- Head
- Trochlea
Condyle
Articulating surface: Large Smooth Rounded Oval structure
Facet
Articulating surface:
Small
Flat
Shallow
Head
Articulating surface:
Prominent
Rounded EPIPHYSIS
Trochlea
Articulating surface:
Smooth
Grooved
Pulley-like
3 Types of Depressions
- Alveolus (Alveoli)
- Fossa (Fossae)
- Sulcus
Alveolus (Alveoli)
Deep pit/socket in maxillae or mandible
ex. where teeth are
Fossa (Fossae)
Flattened or shallow depression
ex. on pelvis
Sulcus
Narrow groove
ex. on Sphenoid bone
9 Projections for tendon and ligament attachment
- Crest
- Epicondyle
- Line
- Process
- Ramus (rami)
- Spine
- Trochanter
- Tubercle
- Tuberosity
Crest
Projection:
Narrow
Prominent
Ridgelike
Epicondyle
Projection:
Adjacent to a condyle
Line
Projection:
Low ridge
Process
Projection:
Any marked bony prominence
Ramus (rami)
Projection:
Angular extension of a bone
Spine
Projection:
Pointed
Slender process
Trochanter
Projection:
Massive
Rough projection
ONLY on FEMUR
Tubercle
Projection:
Small
Round projection
Tuberosity
Projection:
Large
Rough projection
5 Types of Openings and Spaces
- Canal
- Fissure
- Foramen (foramina)
- Meatus
- Sinus
Canal
Opening:
Passageway through a bone
Fissure
Opening:
Narrow
Slitlike opening through a bone
Foramen (foramina)
Opening:
Rounded passageway through a bone
Meatus
Opening:
Passageway through a bone
Sinus
Space:
Cavity or hollow space in a bone
Axial Skeleton
Bones along the central axis
Has 3 regions
3 Regions of the Axial skeleton
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Thoracic cage
Functions of the Axial skeleton
- Framework to support and protect organs
2. Spongy bone located here - hemopoietic
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the limbs and the girdles
2 Girdles
- Pectoral
2. Pelvic
Pectoral girdle function
Holds upper limbs in place
Pelvic girdle function
Holds lower limbs in place
Cranial bones
Rounded bones of skull
Encase the BRAIN
Facial bones
Bones of skull that aren’t cranial
Make up the face
Protect entrance to digestive and respiratory systems
Abduction
Movement of a bone away from the midline
Adduction
Movement of a bone toward the midline
Circumduction
A continuous movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction and adduction in succession
The 3 types of movement that can occur between the vertebraee in the cerical and lumbar regions of the vertbral column
Lateral Flexion
Spinal Extension
Spinal Fexion
______ rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus medially
Medial
_____ is the extention of a joint beyond 180 degress
Hyperextension
_____ occurs when the forearm rotates laterally so the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly
Supination
Heel is lower than toes
Dorsiflexion
Heel is higher than toes
Plantar flexion
Soles tur ninward
Inversion
Soles turn outward
Eversion
An example of ++++ is moving the mandible to open the mouth
Depression
____ occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body
Lateral flexion
Name the type of movement being descrived; bending your fingers toward your palm to make a fist
Flexion
_____ is when thee palm of the hand is turning from a posterior position to an anterior position
Supination
When you spread your fingers or toes apart, away from the longest digit, which acts like the midlinem yu are performing ____
Abduction
