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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 7: Bones > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk:

A

Proximal epiphysis

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2
Q

Vertebral bones are ____ bones

A

Irregular

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3
Q

Statements that characterize central canals of osteons

A

1) Contain blood vessels
2) Contain nerves
3) Cylindrical channel

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4
Q

Trabeculae

A

Structure inside spongy bone

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5
Q

Periosteum

A

Outside double layer of connective tissue on outside of bone
Where ligaments and tendons attach to bone
Where bone grows in diameter

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6
Q

Perforating Canal

A

Goes through compact bone horizontally
How blood and nerve supplies get to central canal and medullary cavity
AKA Volkman’s

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7
Q

Central Canal

A

Goes through bone vertically
AKA Haversian canal
Blood vessels and nerve fibers travel through

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8
Q

Concentric lamellae

A

Rings of bone matrix (collagen fibers run in different directions
Around central canal
Form osteons
Prevents too much STRECH and TWIST of bone

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9
Q

Circumferential lamellae

A

Rings of matrix

Around WHOLE bone or around medullary cavity

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10
Q

_____ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

A

Osteoclasts

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11
Q

Long bones include:

A

1) Palm
2) Fingers
3) Toes
4) Thigh

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12
Q

Flat bones have surfaces composed of ___ bone with internally placed ____ bone.

A

compact

spongy

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13
Q

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone:

A

Diaphysis

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14
Q

Examples of short bones

A

1) some foot bones

2) wrist bones

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15
Q

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called

A

Articular cartlage

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16
Q

Bones of the skeleton function as a system of ____ that are pulled when skeletal muscles contract.

A

levers

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17
Q

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of of a long bone is called the _____.

A

Medullary cavity

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18
Q

Statements that characterize osteocytes:

A

1) Reside in lacunae
2) Detect mechanical stress in bone
3) Maintain bone matrix

19
Q

Bones provide structural support for the body by serving as a ____ for the entire body.

A

framework

20
Q

A thin line of compact bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the ____.

A

epiphyseal line

21
Q

Functions of bone include:

A

1) Hemopoiesis
2) Protection of internal organs
3) Mineral storage (Calcium & Phosphate)
4) Support
5) Movement (levers for muscles)
6) Storage of energy (in the form of lipids-yellow bone marrow)

22
Q

4 types of bone cells

A

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

23
Q

Bone composition

A

Connective tissue made of

1) cells
2) fibers (collagen)
3) ground substance (Ca salts)

24
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

Layers of bone matrix

Between osteons

25
Q

Endosteum

A

Thin INNER connective tissue

Lines inner cavities

26
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of HYALINE cartilage where there is a joint

27
Q

Red marrow

A

Connective tissue in medullary cavity or spongy bone

Site of hemopoiesis

28
Q

Extracellular matrix of bone is made of…..

A

Organic material

Inorganic material

29
Q

6 Functions of Bones

A

1) support
2) protection
3) movement
4) hemopoiesis
5) storage of minerals
6) storage of energy

30
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Stem cells of bone

Give rise to osteoblasts

31
Q

Osteoblasts

A

From osteoprogenitor cells
Part of ossification and osteogenesis
Secrete extracellular matrix

32
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells
In matrix
In lacuna
Maintain

33
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone resorption via lysosomal enzymes and Hplus

In inner periosteum and endostium (think on spongy bone)

34
Q

Lysosomes

A

Release enzymes and acids that break down bone

In osteoclasts within resorption lacuna

35
Q

Organic components of bone matrix and benefit it gives bone

A 
Called osteoid
Give STRENGTH and FLEXIBILITY 
1) collagen
2) protoglycans 
3) glycoproteins
36
Q

Inorganic components of bone matrix and benefits of them to bone

A 
Called mineral salts
Give HARDNESS and RESIST COMPRESSION 
1) calcium phosphate
2) calcium hydroxide
3) 1+2= hydroxyapatite 
4) calcium carbonate
37
Q

Spongy bone is always….

A

Protected/surrounded by compact bone

38
Q

On a slide, red bone marrow will have a lot of ….

A

Nuclei

You will see trabeculae

39
Q

Bone is very ……

Constantly ……. …… And …….

A

Dynamic

Broken down and rebuilt

40
Q

Osteogenesis

A

Bone formation

41
Q

3 “types” of osteogenesis

A

1) formation of the bony skeleton in embryos
2) bone growth up to early adulthood
3) bone thickness, remodeling and repair

42
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Directly from mesenchyme to bone

43
Q

Examples of bones that develop via intramembranous ossification

A 
Skull
Mandible
Maxilla
Zygomatic 
Clavicle

Anatomy And Physiology (9 decks)

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