Chapter 8 - Atlantic Revolutions, Global Echoes Flashcards

Question

How did the revolutions affect slavery?

Answer 1

Many led to the abolition of slavery or inspired anti-slavery movements.

Answer 2

The revolt was a slave rebellion that played a key role in the British abolition of slavery in 1833 by demonstrating the intensity of resistance to slavery.

Answer 3

The British abolition set a global precedent and encouraged other nations, such as the United States and Brazil, to follow suit in abolishing slavery.

Answer 4

**Low wages** – Many faced poor working conditions in agriculture and industry. **Sharecropping** – Trapped many in debt and poverty, working land they didn’t own. **Denied voting rights** **Racism persisted** – Segregation, discrimination, and systemic inequality remained.

Answer 5

Nationalism promoted the idea of self-determination and independence for nations, leading to **revolutions** and the unification of states like **Italy** and **Germany**.

Answer 6

Nationalism began to emphasize shared **linguistic, cultural, and historical identities** as the basis for forming unified nation-states.

Answer 7

National loyalty became a key element in political movements, often replacing traditional allegiances to monarchs or local rulers.

Answer 8

**Schools & holidays** – Instilled national identity, loyalty, and pride. **Mass media** – Spread nationalist ideas through newspapers, books, and pamphlets. **Shared identity** – Strengthened unity, especially in newly unified states. **Military Service**

Answer 9

The feminist movement began with calls for women’s rights, including **suffrage, education, and legal equality**, influenced by broader revolutionary ideals.

Answer 10

Workforce entry – More women worked in factories, gaining **economic independence**. **Organizing & activism** – Led to labor movements and early feminist activism. **Education access** – Increased opportunities for schooling and skill development. **Challenged gender roles** – Shifted views on women's roles in society and the home.

Answer 11

New Zealand became the first self-governing country to grant women the right to vote in 1893, paving the way for global suffrage movements.

Answer 12

**Why**: The primary cause was the **disagreement over slavery** and its expansion into newly acquired territories. The North, with its industrial economy, opposed slavery, while the South, whose economy was based on agriculture, relied on enslaved labor. Other factors included states’ rights, political power struggles, and **economic differences** between the North and South. 1861: The war began after Southern states seceded from the Union and formed the **Confederate States of America**. The first battle was at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. 1863: The **Emancipation Proclamation** was issued by President Abraham Lincoln, declaring the freedom of enslaved people in Confederate-held territories. 1865: The war ended after General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. Aftermath: 1. **End of Slavery**: The 13th Amendment (1865) permanently abolished slavery in the U.S. 2. Reconstruction: After the war, the Reconstruction period (1865-1877) sought to rebuild the South, integrate the Southern states back into the Union, and address the rights of formerly enslaved people, though full political and social equality remained elusive. 3. **Economic and Social Effects**: The South's economy was devastated, and **newly freed people faced sharecropping, discrimination, and racism**. The Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist groups emerged, leading to violent suppression of Black rights. 4. **Political Division**: The war left deep political and regional divisions, with tensions continuing into the 20th century over civil rights and federal vs. state authority.

Answer 13

Cycle of Debt: Sharecroppers often had to borrow money or supplies from the landowners or merchants at high interest rates. Because the share of the crop given to the landowner was often more than the sharecropper's earnings, it led to a perpetual cycle of debt. Sharecroppers rarely earned enough to pay off their debts and were often forced to continue working under oppressive conditions just to survive.

Answer 14

Immediate Effect: The Emancipation ( President Abraham Lincoln, declaring the freedom of enslaved people in Confederate-held territories.) Proclamation did not immediately free all enslaved people but declared freedom for those in Confederate-held territories. It was a military strategy to weaken the Confederacy and prevent European nations from recognizing it. It also allowed African Americans to join the Union Army. Long-Term Effect: It shifted the focus of the war from preserving the Union to also include the abolition of slavery, making it a moral cause and rallying support for the Union.