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anatomy > chapter 8 articulations > Flashcards

chapter 8 articulations Flashcards

1
Q

a joint

A

articulation

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2
Q

an immovable joint

A

synarthrosis

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3
Q

a slightly movable joint

A

amphiarthrosis

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4
Q

a freely movable joint

A

diarthrosis

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5
Q

immovable joints between skull bones

A

sutures

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6
Q

immovable joints between teeth and jaws

A

gomphosis

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7
Q

the ligament around the teeth

A

periodontal ligament

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8
Q

a ligament that holds bone to bone

A

syndesmosis

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9
Q

a bridge of cartilage

A

synchondrosis

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10
Q

a bridge of bone

A

synostosis

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11
Q

a pad of fibrocartilage

A

symphysis

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12
Q

an epiphyseal (growth) plate

A

synchondrosis

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13
Q

a epiphyseal line

A

synostosis

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14
Q

the intervertebral discs or the pubic symphysis

A

symphyses

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15
Q

the glassy-smooth hyaline cartilage that covers bones at joints

A

articular cartilage

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16
Q

the joint cavity

A

synovial cavity

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17
Q

the membrane that lines the joint cavity

A

synovial membrane

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18
Q

articular discs

A

meniscus

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19
Q

fluid filled sacs that cushion joints

A

bursae

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20
Q

an elongated bursa that houses a tendon

A

tendon sheath

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21
Q

cushioning within the joint cavity

A

fat pads

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22
Q

a bending movement, decreases the angle between bones

A

flexion

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23
Q

a straightening movement, increases the angle between bones

A

extension

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24
Q

extension past anatomical position

A

hyperextension

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25
Q

a movement in the frontal plane away from the midline

A

abduction

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26
Q

a movement in the frontal plane toward the midline

A

adduction

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27
Q

when the distal end of a limb moves in a circle, and the entire limb creates a cone

A

circumduction

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28
Q

turning of a bone on its own axis

A

rotation

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29
Q

movement of the radius around the ulna so the palms face up

A

supination

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30
Q

movement of the radius around the ulna so the palms face down

A

pronation

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31
Q

pulling the toes toward the shin

A

dorsiflexion

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32
Q

pointing the toes

A

plantar flexion

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33
Q

turning the sole of the foot inward

A

inversion

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34
Q

turning the sole of the foot outward

A

eversion

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35
Q

moving the thumb opposite the fingers

A

opposition

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36
Q

moving a body part superiorly

A

elevation

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37
Q

moving a body part inferiorly

A

depression

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38
Q

moving a body part anteriorly

A

protraction

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39
Q

moving a body part posteriorly

A

retraction

40
Q

a joint made of two flat surfaces and a gliding motion

A

plane joint

41
Q

a cylindrical piece of one bone articulates to a trough on another and allows movement in one plane only

A

hinge joint

42
Q

the rounded end of one bone articulates with a sleeve on another allowing rotation in one plane

A

pivot joint

43
Q

the oval articular surface of one bone fits into a shallow depression on another bone

A

condyloid or ellipsoidal

44
Q

a spherical end of a bone articulates with a cup-like socket of another bone

A

ball and socket

45
Q

the joint between the ulna and humerus is what type of joint

A

hinge

46
Q

the atlas and axis is what type of joint

A

pivot

47
Q

the carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs are what type of joints

A

saddle joints

48
Q

the shoulder and hip are what type of joints

A

ball and socket

49
Q

the interphalangeal joints are what type of joint

A

hinge

50
Q

the intercarpal and intertarsal joints are what type of joints

A

plane

51
Q

the radiocarpal joint is what type of joint

A

condyloid

52
Q

the proximal radioulnar joint where the head of the radius rotates within a ring-like ligament secured to the ulna is what type of joint

A

pivot joint

53
Q

the metacarpophalangeal joints are what type of joint

A

condyloid

54
Q

the study of joints

A

arthrology

55
Q

inflammation of the synovial membrane causing excess synovial fluid to be produced

A

synovitis

56
Q

a generic term used by laypeople to indicate muscle or joint pain

A

rheumatism

57
Q

replacing a diseasaed joint with an artificial one

What is an artificial joint called?

A

arthroplasty

prosthesis

58
Q

softening of cartilage by the patella common in young athletes, produces a sharp pain in the knee on extension, often due to unequally strong quadriceps muscles

A

chondromalacia patellae

59
Q

a type of rheumatoid arthritis that usually affects males causing the spine to become rigid

A

ankylosing spondylitis

60
Q

What is the most common cartilage injury?

A

torn knee meniscus

61
Q

What causes cartilage damage?

A

compression and shear stress at the same time

62
Q

What do loose bodies of torn cartilage do to the joint?

A

interfere with functioning causing it to catch or “lock”

63
Q

Surgery from tiny slits in the joint allowing a fiberoptic camera and tools to enter the joint without as much joint damage is called what?

A

arthroscopic surgery

64
Q

What happens with removal of part of the meniscus?

A

less stable joint

65
Q

What happens when the entire meniscus is removed?

A

early onset osteoarthritis

66
Q

when ligaments are stretched or torn

A

sprain

67
Q

Why do ligaments heal so slowly?

A

poorly vascular

68
Q

If a ligament is completely ruptured, what needs to be done?

A

surgically repaired if possible or a graft

69
Q

bones out of joint (2 terms)

A

dislocation

luxation

70
Q

a partial dislocation

A

subluxation

71
Q

What is the term for putting a dislocation back into alignment?

A

reduction

72
Q

Why are the same joints often repeatedly dislocated?

A

joint is loosened

73
Q

inflammation of bursa typically caused by a blow or friction

A

bursitis

74
Q

inflammation of a tendon typically caused by overuse

A

tendonitis

75
Q

bursitis of the prepatellar bursa

A

housemaid’s knee or water on the knee

76
Q

How is bursitis and tendonitis treated?

A

RICE, anti-inflammatory drugs and aspiration

77
Q

an inflammation of joints causing pain and stiffness

A

arthritis

78
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic?

A

acute - short-term

chronic - long-term

79
Q

the most common chronic arthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, from wear and tear

A

osteoarthritis

80
Q

a crunching noise common in OA caused by the rough surfaces rubbing

A

crepitus

81
Q

a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects more women than men and is considered autoimmune, bilaterally impacts many small joints at the same time

A

rheumatoid arthritis

82
Q

a chronic arthritis more common in men, has genetic links, when uric acid accumulates in joints, typically affects one joint (often the base of the big toe)

A

gout or gouty arthritis

83
Q

an inflammatory disease caused by spirochete bacteria and transmitted by ticks, starts with a bullseye rash and flu-like symptoms but can progress to neurological problems and heart irregularities, often causes joint pain and arthritis

A

lyme disease

84
Q

What does healthy exercise do for young joints?

A

makes them stronger

85
Q

What type of exercise is best for joints?

A

swimming - non-weightbearing

86
Q

an enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe

A

bunion

87
Q

What is the relationship between strength and mobility in a joint?

A

the more it moves, the less strong

the less it moves, the more strong

88
Q

What is the advantage of continuous passive motion to joint healing?

A

movement circulates nutrients and promotes healing - much better than immobilization

89
Q

What is the difference between a shoulder separation and a shoulder dislocation?

A

separation - clavicle and scapula come apart

dislocation - humerus and scapula come apart

90
Q

irritation of the jaw joint

A

TMJ syndrome - temporomandibular joint syndrome

91
Q

having no planes of movement

A

nonaxial

92
Q

having one plane of motion

A

uniaxial

93
Q

having two planes of movement

A

biaxial

94
Q

having three planes of movement

A

multiaxial

95
Q

where a muscle attaches to the less movable bone

A

origin

96
Q

where a muscle attaches to the more movable bone

A

insertion

97
Q

what a muscle does

A

action

anatomy (9 decks)

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