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anatomy > chapter 7 the skeleton > Flashcards

chapter 7 the skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

the skull, vertebrae, sternum and ribs make up what division of the skeletal system

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the limbs make up what division of the skeletal system

A

appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

the brain case

A

cranium

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4
Q

what suture separates the frontal from the parietal bones

A

coronal suture

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5
Q

what suture separates the two parietal bones

A

the sagittal suture

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6
Q

what suture separates the parietal from the temporal bones

A

the squamosal suture

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7
Q

what suture separates the parietals from the occipital

A

the lambdoidal suture

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8
Q

what suture runs down the middle of the frontal bone

A

metopic suture

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9
Q

the bones that form the roof of the skull

A

parietal

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10
Q

the bones that form the sides of the skull

A

temporal

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11
Q

the bone that forms the forehead

A

frontal

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12
Q

the bone that forms the back of the skull

A

occipital

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13
Q

the bat-shaped bone that forms most of the floor of the cranium, keystone bone of cranium

A

spennoid

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14
Q

the cranial bone that forms the roof of the nose

A

ethmoid

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15
Q

the three prominent levels of depressions within the cranium, house the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes of the brain

A

anterior fossa, middle fossa, posterior fossa

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16
Q

the upper portion of the cranium or cranial vault

A

calvaria

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17
Q

the eye sockets

A

orbits

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18
Q

air filled cavities within the skull bones

A

sinuses

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19
Q

Name 3 functions of the paranasal sinuses.

A

lighten skull
make mucus
resonate sound

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20
Q

Name 3 functions of the mucus in the paranasal sinuses.

A

warm
moisten
filter air

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21
Q

a hole in a bone that serves as the passageway for blood vessels and nerves

A

foramen (foramina)

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22
Q

a shallow depression in a bone

A

fossa

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23
Q

what is the general purpose of bone projections?

A

connections for tendons and ligaments

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24
Q

bones that form the bridge of the nose

A

nasal

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25
Q

cheekbones

A

zygomatic

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26
Q

upper jaw

A

maxillae

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27
Q

lower jaw

A

mandible

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28
Q

shell-shaped bones inside the nose

A

nasal conchae

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29
Q

bones in the medial orbit

A

lacrimal

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30
Q

bone that forms the base of the nose

A

vomer

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31
Q

bones that form the posterior portion of the hard palate

A

palatine

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32
Q

the three ear bones

A
  1. hammer - malleus
  2. anvil - incus
  3. stirrup - stapes
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33
Q

What is the smallest bone in the body?

A

stapes

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34
Q

the bone that doesn’t articulate with any other bones but instead serves as attachment for the tongue

A

hyoid

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35
Q

the site of the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

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36
Q

the holes for the olfactory nerves

A

olfactory foramina

37
Q

the site of the olfactory foramina

A

cribiform plate

38
Q

the ridge in the center of the cribiform plate for the meninges to attach

A

crista gali

39
Q

irregular shaped bones within the sutures

A

sutural (Wormian) bones

40
Q

the part of the ethmoid bone that forms the bony part of the nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate

41
Q

What 4 skull bones contain sinuses?

A

frontal, maxillae, ethmoid, sphenoid

42
Q

How many vertebrae do humans have? How many are in each region?

A

24 total

  • 7 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
43
Q

What separates the individual vertebrae?

A

intervertebral discs

44
Q

What holds bone to bone?

A

ligaments

45
Q

What holds muscle to bone?

A

tendons

46
Q

the tail bone

A

coccyx

47
Q

the posterior part of the pelvis

A

sacrum

48
Q

Name the 4 vertebral curves, and describe the curve direction.

A

cervical - anterior curvature
thoracic - posterior curvature
lumbar - anterior curvature
sacral - posterior curvature

49
Q

Which 2 curves are called primary curves?

A

thoracic and lumbar

50
Q

Which 2 curves are called secondary curves?

A

cervical and lumbar

51
Q

What is the purpose of secondary curves?

A

support weight of body
cervical - head
lumbar - body

52
Q

an abnormal lateral curvature

A

scoliosis

53
Q

an exaggerated lumbar curvature (swaback)

A

lordosis

54
Q

an exaggerated thoracic curviture (hunchback)

A

kyphosis

55
Q

the inner part of an intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposis

56
Q

the outer part of an intervertebral disc

A

annulus fibrosis

57
Q

a bulging intervertebral disc

A

herniated disc (prolapsed)

58
Q

the weight bearing part of the vertebra

A

body (centrum)

59
Q

the hole in the vertebra through which the spinal cord travels

A

vertebral foramen

60
Q

the bony part of the vertebra that encircles the spinal cord

A

vertebral arch

61
Q

the two parts of the vertebral arch

A

pedicles and laminae

62
Q

the holes between the vertebrae where spinal verves leave the spinal cord

A

intervertebral foramina

63
Q

Name 5 unique features of cervical vertebrae.

A
  1. small
  2. oval bodies
  3. triangular vertebral foramina
  4. bifid spinous process
  5. transverse foramen
64
Q

the specific name for C1 - what makes it unique?

A

atlas - no body

65
Q

the specific name for C2 - what makes it unique

A

axis - dens or odontoid process

66
Q

the specific name for C7 - what makes it unique

A

vertebral prominens - longest, non-bifid spinous process

67
Q

What does the joint between the atlas and the occipital bone allow?

A

nodding yes

68
Q

What does the joint between the atlas and the axis allow?

A

shaking head no

69
Q

What connects the vertebral prominens to the occipital protuberance? What damages this connection?

A

ligamentum nuchae - whiplash

70
Q

What 5 things make thoracic vertebrae unique?

A
  1. heart-shaped body
  2. circular vertebral foramen
  3. transverse processes point posteriorly
  4. extra facets for ribs
  5. long spinous processes
71
Q

What 3 things make lumbar vertebrae unique?

A
  1. largest body
  2. short, thick processes
  3. large, hatchet-shaped spinous processes
72
Q

the tailbone

A

coccyx

73
Q

How many fused vertebrae make up the sacrum?

A

5

74
Q

How many fused vertebrae make up the coccyx?

A

3-5

75
Q

What makes up the thoracic cage?

A

thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs and costal cartilage

76
Q

the spaces between the ribs

A

intercostal space

77
Q

the cartilage that holds the ribs to the sternum

A

costal cartilage

78
Q

the three parts of the sternum

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

79
Q

When does the xiphoid process ossify?

A

by age 40

80
Q

the first 7 pairs of ribs (2 names)

A

true ribs or vertebrosternal

81
Q

rib pairs 8-12

A

flase ribs

82
Q

ribs 8-10

A

vertebrochondral ribs

83
Q

ribs 11-12 (2 names)

A

vertebral ribs or floating ribs

84
Q

the shoulders

A

pectoral girdle

85
Q

the hips

A

pelvic girdle

86
Q

the overuse and inflammation of the wrist tendons that then compresses the median nerve causing a tingling and numbness of the thumb, index, and middle finger

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

87
Q

Most of the differences between the male and female pelvis have to do with what?

A

childbearing

88
Q

the portion of the pelvis above the pelvic brim

A

false pelvis

89
Q

the portion of the pelvis below the pelvic brim

A

true pelvis

anatomy (9 decks)

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