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Gr 12 Biology > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the process of setting objectives and determining how to best accomplish them

A

planning

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2
Q

identifying the specific results or desired outcomes that one intends to acheive

A

organizing

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3
Q

A statement of action steps to be taken in order to accomplish the objectives

A

plan

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4
Q

what are the steps in the planning process

A
  1. defining your objectives
  2. determining where you stand vis a vis objectives
  3. develop premises regarding future conditions
  4. analyze and choose among action alternatives
  5. implement and evaluate the results
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5
Q

what are the benefits of planning

A
  • flexibility and focus
  • action orientation
  • coordination
  • time management
  • control
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6
Q

what are the range of short intermediate and long plans

A

short 1yr or less
intermediate 2-3 yrs
long term 3+

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7
Q

set broad comprehensive and longer term action directions for the entire organization

A

strategic plans

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8
Q

define what needs to be done in specific areas to implement strategies

A

operational plans

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9
Q

types of operational plans

A 
production
financial 
facilities
marketing plans
HR plans
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10
Q

policies or procedures designed for repeated use

A

standing plans

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11
Q

broad guidelines for making decisions and taking action in specific circumstances

A

policy

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12
Q

plans that describe exactly what steps are to be taken in specific circumstances

A

rules or procedures

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13
Q

only used once to meet the needs and objectives of a well defined situation in a timely manner

A

single use plans

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14
Q

single use plans that commit resources to activities projects or programs fixed flexible and zero based budget

A

budgets

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15
Q

one time activities that have clear beginning and end points project management and project schedules

A

projects

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16
Q

making assumptions about what will happen in the future

A

forecasting

17
Q

identifying alternative courses of action that can be implemented to meet the needs of changing circumstances anticipate changing conditions

A

contingency planning

18
Q

a long term version of contingency planning

A

scenario planning

19
Q

the use of external comparisons to better evaluate current performance and identify possible actions for the future

A

benchmarking

20
Q

coordinating the planning function for the total organization or one of its major components

A

use of staff planners

21
Q

participatory planning requires that the planning process includes people who will be affected by plans or who help implement them

A

participation and involvement

22
Q

the process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results

A

controlling

23
Q

what are the steps in the control process

A

step 1-establish objectives and standards
step 2-measure actual performance
step 3-compare results w objectives and standards
step 4-take corrective action as needed

24
Q

a structured process of regular communication

A

management by objectives

25
Q

steps in MBO

A

defining organizational objectives
defining employees objectives
continious commucation
evaluation and feedback

26
Q

the act of influencing behavior through reprimand

A

discipline

27
Q

ties reprimands to the frequency and severity of the employees infractions

A

progressive discipline

28
Q

determination of the point at which sales revenues are sufficient to cover costs

A

break even analysis

29
Q

goal is to ensure that the inventory is just the right size to meet performance needs thus minimizing the cost

A

inventory control

30
Q

quality control involves checking processes materials products and services to ensure that they meet high standards

A

statistical quality control

Gr 12 Biology (11 decks)

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