Chapter 8 Flashcards
Alternate forms of reality
Reliability obtained by administering two equivalent tests to the same group of examinees.
Concurrent validity
Refers to how precisely a person’s present performance (e.g., a test score) estimates that person’s performance on the criterion measure at approximately the same time.
Construct validity
The extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct or attribute.
Construct
Theoretical concepts, such as self-esteem and intelligence, that can be observed by some type of instrument.
Content validity
Refers to whether the individual items of a test represent what is actually being assessed.
Convergent validity
Refers to the degree to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related. A test that has good convergent validity has high positive correlations with other tests measuring the same construct.
Criterion-related validity
A method for assessing the validity of an instrument by comparing its scores with another criterion known already to be a measure of the same trait or skill.
Discriminate validity
Refers to whether concepts or measurements that are supposed to be unrelated are, in fact, unrelated. A test that has good discriminant validity has low correlations with tests that measure different constructs.
Eligibility committee
he committee that determines whether a child is eligible to receive special education and related services. It is the team that oversees the identification, monitoring, review, and status of all children with disabilities residing within the school district.
Evaluation
The determination of a child’s strengths and limitations in specific areas, including academic, intellectual, psychological, emotional, perceptual, language, cognitive, and medical development. In special education, the evaluation will determine whether a child has a disability and the nature and extent of the special education and related services that the child needs.
Internal consistency
A method of assessing the reliability of a test by dividing the items on the test into two halves, such as odd- versus even-numbered items, and using the correlation between the two versions as an estimate of the whole test’s reliability
inter-rater reliability
Refers to the degree among raters. It involves having two or more raters independently observe and record specified behaviors.
mode of communication
The means of communication normally used by individuals who are deaf, blind, or have no written language, and may include Braille, sign language, oral communication or some form of technologically enhanced communication.
native language
When used with reference to a person of limited English-speaking ability, means the language normally used by the individual, or in the case of a child, the language normally used by the parents of the child.
obtained score
The score actually calculated in the assessment process.
parental consent
When referring to special education assessment, it is the legal granting of permission to assess a child for a suspected disability.
predictive validity
The extent to which a procedure allows accurate predictions about a subject’s future behavior. It is a measure of a specific instrument’s ability to predict future performance on some other measure or criterion at a later date.
reliability
Refers to the consistency of measurements.
reliability coefficient
A measure of how consistent the results of a test are over time. It expresses the degree of consistency in the measurement of test scores.
reliable test scores
A test score that produces similar scores across various conditions and situations, including different evaluators and testing environments.
split-half reliability
A method of assessing the reliability of a test by dividing the items on the test into two halves, such as odd- versus even-numbered items, and using the correlation between the two versions as an estimate of the whole test’s reliability.
standard error of measurement
An error in estimating true scores from observed scores. It represents the amount of error that exists when using a specific instrument.
standardization
Refers to structuring test materials, administration procedures, scoring methods, and techniques for interpreting results.
target behavior
A specific behavior an observer seeks to record when doing the observation.
test-retest reliability
A measure of the consistency of a test or assessment. This kind of reliability is used to determine the consistency of a test across time.
validity
The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.
validity coefficient
Criterion-related validity is usually expressed as a correlation between the test in question and the criterion measure.
