Chapter 8 & 9

Question 1

In Year 1, James was the shortest child in the class. Now that he’s in Year 6, he’s still the shortest. Why does being shortest feel different at this point in his life than it did earlier?

A. Children in year 1 are more likely to evaluate each other stereotypically than children in year 6
B. His height was not very different from the other boys in year 1, whereas it is now closer to that of the girls
C. He was closer in height to the other children in year 1
D. There was more variation in height in year 1 than in year 6

Answer 1

C. He was closer in height to the other children in year 1

Question 2

Bill and Alice are average children. Toward the end of sixth grade

A. Alice will probably be shorter than Bill
B. Alice will probably be taller than Bill
C. They will be approximately the same height
D. The height different between them will have decreased

Answer 2

B. Alice will probably be taller than Bill

girls usually experience growth spurts before boys

Question 3

Sally, who is considered normal weight, complains to her mother that she is being teased at school for being fat. Sally’s Mom should

A. Help her lose wight to avoid more teasing
B. Consult a doctor in order to start her on a diet
C. Help her learn ways to cope with the teasing
D. Place her in another school

Answer 3

C. Help her learn ways to cope with the teasing

Question 4

Which country has the highest rate of asthma in the world?

A. Australia
B. Britain
C. New Zealand
D. United States

Answer 4

C. New Zealand

Question 5

Your friend Janet is the mother of a 10-year-old girl who is considered obese. When she turns to you for advice on helping her daughter to lose weight, you correctly advise her to

A. Eliminate all snack foods, candy and soft drinks from her diet
B. Put her on a diet program designed for adults
C. Participate with the child in her efforts to exercise and diet
D. Try a low-calorie crash diet with the goal of losing two kilos a week

Answer 5

C. Participate with the child in her efforts to exercise and diet

Question 6

Ten-year-old Amy is almost able to complete a task by herself, but needs the assistance of her older brother to finish. This is an example of

A. Conservation
B. ZPD
C. Decentration
D. Reciprocal teaching

Answer 6

B. ZPD

Question 7

The Ferns netball team just lost a crucial game. Consequently, it is likely that the members of the team will

A. Grow closer
B. Become more committed to practice
C. Become more cooperative
D. Experience significant stress

Answer 7

D. Experience significant stress

Question 8

One advantage for children who participate in sports is that

A. Their hearts and large muscles tend to function more efficiently
B. They tend to score higher on mental ability tests
C. They tend to show better interpersonal skills
D. They learn to take failure in stride

Answer 8

A. Their hearts and large muscles tend to function more efficiently

Question 9

Which of the following is most true of attention in middle childhood?

A. Attentional capacity decreases during MC
B. Selective attention improves in MC
C. Children struggle to screen out irrelevant stimuli in MC
D. Children are unable to sustain their attention over long periods of time during MC

Answer 9

B. Selective attention improves in MC

Question 10

Jane is unable to pay attention in school and exhibits high activity levels. Jane’s parents are concerned that Jane may be diagnosed with

A. Attentional capacity disorder
B. Attention deficit disorder
C. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
D. Attentional hyperactivity disorder

Answer 10

C. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 11

Tommy has a chronic illness, whereas his sister Joan has an acute illness. Accordingly, Tommy probably

A. Has a less severe illness
B. Has a more severe illness
C. Will be sicker for a longer period of time
D. Will be sicker for a shorter period of time

Answer 11

C. Will be sicker for a longer period of time

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of bilingualism?

A. They perform better in logical-analytical tasks
B. They are superior in selective attention
C. They demonstrate great metalinguistic awareness
D. They perform beter at spatial reasoning tasks

Answer 12

D. They perform beter at spatial reasoning tasks

Question 13

Four children are sorting coins. Which one is demonstrating decentration?

A. The one separating them into ten cents, twenty cents and dollar pieces
B. The one separating them by condition and mint location
C. The one sorting them by the metal they are made from
D. The one separating according to the year they were minted

Answer 13

B. The one separating them by condition and mint location

Decentration involves considering two or more dimension of an item

Question 14

At the children’s parade, Ellen was put in charge of handing out the flags. Even though she knew that all the flags were the same size before she gave them out, because one of the boys was much taller than any of the others, Ellen thought his flagpole was now longer than anyone else’s. Ellen is apparently unable to understand

A. Conservation of length
B. Conservation of mass
C. Conservation of number
D. Decallage

Answer 14

A. Conservation of length

Question 15

Which of the following is not a form of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence?

A. Kinaesthetic/body balance skills
B. Musical skills
C. Interpersonal and intrapersonal skills
D. Theatre skills

Answer 15

D. Theatre skills

Question 16

Studies on short-term recognition memory tend to show that

A. Preschoolers do just as well as schoolchildren on recognition tasks
B. Schoolchildren do as well as adults in recognition tasks
C. Schoolchildren’s speed is slower, but their accuracy is better than adults
D. The recognition memory of schoolchildren is not as good as adults

Answer 16

D. The recognition memory of schoolchildren is not as good as adults

Question 17

What are the implications for the classroom of children’s limitations on long-term memory?

A. Children should not be expected to remember facts and ideas over a long period of time
B. Children should be helped to make connections among ideas, stories and facts that they are taught
C. Children need to be taught the same thing several times
D. Children should be encouraged to memorise things by rote

Answer 17

B. Children should be helped to make connections among ideas, stories and facts that they are taught

Question 18

James teaches at a primary school and is concerned with fostering learning, motivation and the development of social relationships among his diverse students. In his classroom, James sets

A. Individualised goals
B. Evaluative goals
C. Competitive goals
D. Cooperative goals

Answer 18

D. Cooperative goals

Question 19

Lee was all set to perform a stand-up comedy routine at a school event when she was asked to eliminate all jokes with ethnic references. Even though these comprised the bulk of her routine, Lee was able to come up with new jokes on the spot that were funny, but devoid of ethnic mentions. In Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence, Lee would be considered high in ____ intelligence.

A. Componential
B. Contextual
C. Experiential
D. Kinaesthetic

Answer 19

C. Experiential

(Experiential intelligence relates to how effectively an individual responds to novelty in solving new problems, and how quickly an individual adjusts to the novelty form of the task and solve it)

Question 20

At lunch time, five-year-old Alison is convinced that her sister Kirsten has more sandwich than she does because Kirsten’s is cut into four pieces. This demonstrates that Alison lacks

A. Egocentrism
B. Animalistic thinking
C. Hierarchical classification
D. Conservation

Answer 20

D. Conservation

Question 21

From early childhood to middle childhood, children move from _________ concepts of self to _________ concepts of self.

A. Flexible; inflexible
B. Gobal; Sitaution-bound
C. Negative; Positive
D. Psychological; observable

Answer 21

B. Gobal; Sitaution-bound

Question 22

Six-year-old Nathan has just resolved his Oedipus complex by repressing the sexual feelings that he has had for his mother. According to Freud, what will Nathan do next to quash his disappointment?

A. Find a six year old girlfriend
B. Focus on becoming skilful or competent in some area
C. Swear off women for good
D. Try to be as much like his mother as he can

Answer 22

B. Focus on becoming skilful or competent in some area

Question 23

With considerable practice, eight-year-old Jorge has become the best swimmer in his whole primary school. Erikson would say that Jorge is developing a sense of

A. Competitiveness
B. Industry
C. Initiative
D. Integrity

Answer 23

B. Industry

Question 24

Every day, after school, Eddie ran around the school track. Even though he lost every race that he entered, Eddie was satisfied that his running time was getting faster. Eddie is high in

A. Achievement motivation
B. Competitiveness
C. Extrinsic motivation
D. Performance orientation

Answer 24

A. Achievement motivation

Question 25

Bob and Betty are typical authoritarian parents. They closely monitor their children’s homework, react to bad grades with punishment, and generally over-control their children. Accordingly, research predicts that their children are more likely to have a _________ orientation and _________ academic achievement.

A. Learning; higher
B. Learning; lower
C. Performance; higher
D. Performance; lower

Answer 25

D. Performance; lower

Question 26

Towards late childhood, _________ and _________ are paramount in children’s friendships.

A. Equality; reciprocity
B. Shared interests; activities
C. Sharing; politeness
D. Equality; sharing

Answer 26

A. Equality; reciprocity

Question 27

Erin and Tyler’s parents are going through a divorce. Consequently, it is likely that as a result of the divorce, Erin will become less _________ and Tyler will become more _________.

A. Aggressive; disobedient
B. Helpful; anxious
C. Obedient; responsible
D. Obedient; wilful

Answer 27

A. Aggressive; disobedient

Question 28

Roberta and Howard are getting a divorce. Because they would like to make the transition as easy as possible for their three school-age children, a good suggestion for them to follow might be:

A. Explaining why the divorce is necessary
B. Involving the children in divorce related decisions
C. Keeping the children’s routines the same as prior to the divorce
D. Telling the children which parent is responsible for the divorce

Answer 28

C. Keeping the children’s routines the same as prior to the divorce

Question 29

Six-year-old Nathan has just resolved his Oedipus complex by repressing the sexual feelings that he has had for his mother. According to Freud, what will Nathan do next to quash his disappointment?

A. Find a six year old girlfriend
B. Focus on becoming skilful or competent in some area
C. Swear off women for good
D. Try to be as much like his mother as he can

Answer 29

B. Focus on becoming skilful or competent in some area

Question 30

With considerable practice, eight-year-old Jorge has become the best swimmer in his whole primary school. Erikson would say that Jorge is developing a sense of

A. Competitiveness
B. Industry
C. Initiative
D. Integrity

Answer 30

B. Industry

Question 31

Every day, after school, Eddie ran around the school track. Even though he lost every race that he entered, Eddie was satisfied that his running time was getting faster. Eddie is high in

A. Achievement motivation
B. Competitiveness
C. Extrinsic motivation
D. Performance orientation

Answer 31

A. Achievement motivation

Question 32

Bob and Betty are typical authoritarian parents. They closely monitor their children’s homework, react to bad grades with punishment, and generally over-control their children. Accordingly, research predicts that their children are more likely to have a _________ orientation and _________ academic achievement.

A. Learning; higher
B. Learning; lower
C. Performance; higher
D. Performance; lower

Answer 32

D. Performance; lower

Question 33

Towards late childhood, _________ and _________ are paramount in children’s friendships.

A. Equality; reciprocity
B. Shared interests; activities
C. Sharing; politeness
D. Equality; sharing

Answer 33

A. Equality; reciprocity

Question 34

Magnet schools are used to foster

A. Cross-gender cooperation
B. Cross-race integration
C. Heterogenous ability mixing
D. Mixed-age interactions

Answer 34

B. Cross-race integration

Question 35

Roberta and Howard are getting a divorce. Because they would like to make the transition as easy as possible for their three school-age children, a good suggestion for them to follow might be:

A. Explaining why the divorce is necessary
B. Involving the children in divorce related decisions
C. Keeping the children’s routines the same as prior to the divorce
D. Telling the children which parent is responsible for the divorce

Answer 35

C. Keeping the children’s routines the same as prior to the divorce

Question 36

Now that her two children are in elementary school, Maggie is considering going back to work. Research has shown that one consequence of her going back to work might be that her children will

A. Have a more stressful relationship with her
B.Be less well-adjusted
C. Hold less stereotypical ideas about gender roles
D. Achieve less academically

Answer 36

C. Hold less stereotypical ideas about gender roles

Question 37

Dominique’s parents are bossy, argumentative, and critical of each other and everyone else. Lately, Dominique has been behaving toward her classmates in a similar way. According to Harry Stack Sullivan, Dominique needs to

A. Develop friendships with peers
B. Hang around other children’s parents
C. Receive counselling
D. Try to change her parents behaviour

Answer 37

A. Develop friendships with peers

Question 38

Now that Lynn is in fourth grade, when she has a problem, her main source of support is

A. Her peers
B. Her parents
C. Her peers and her parents, equally
D. Her siblings

Answer 38

B. Her parents

Question 39

At Camp Arrowhead, Timothy’s bunk has only eight-year-olds. In eight-year-old Gary’s bunk, however, the boys range in age from eight to ten. Compared to Timothy, Gary is more likely to be _________ his bunkmates.

A. Dependant on
B. Fighting with
C. Nurturing
D. Socialising with

Answer 39

A. Dependant on

Question 40

Six-year-old Clement, a boy with a typical masculine play-style, has arrived in the playground with his mother. He doesn’t know anyone else in the park. If he was inclined to find someone his own age to play with, he would most likely approach which of the following children?

A. A boy with a feminine play style
B. A girl who prefers rough-and-tumble play
C. A girl who is making sand cookies for her dolls
D. A boy sitting on the bench and talking with his mother

Answer 40

B. A girl who prefers rough-and-tumble play

Question 41

Magnet schools are used to foster

A. Cross-gender cooperation
B. Cross-race integration
C. Heterogenous ability mixing
D. Mixed-age interactions

Answer 41

B. Cross-race integration

Question 42

When asked to list the five children they would most likely invite to their next party and five children they would least likely invite, not one person in Megan’s class chose her for either list. Megan’s popularity classification would therefore be

A. Controversial
B. Neglected
C. Popular
D. Rejected

Answer 42

B. Neglected

Question 43

Ten-year-old Trevor is rejected by others in his fifth-grade glass and has no reciprocal friends. His classmates tend to describe as unpleasant, selfish and annoying. Research has shown that in adolescence and young adulthood, children like Trevor are more likely to

A. Become overachievers
B. Experience depression and anxiety
C. Have cross-gender rather than same-gender friendships
D. Participate in many organusation

Answer 43

B. Experience depression and anxiety

Question 44

Susan feels that she reads too slowly, cannot solve simple maths problems, and generally does poorly in school. Erik Erikson would say that Susan is developing a sense of

A. Shame
B. Industry
C. Isolation
D. Inferiority

Answer 44

D. Inferiority

Question 45

Marla goes off on her own climbing trees and exploring her world. She does this more for herself than for anyone else. Marla’s achievement motivation in this instance is which orientation?

A. Power
B. Socially
C. Learning
D. Performance

Answer 45

C. Learning

Question 46

According to Erikson, the crisis faced by school-age children is

A. Trust versus mistrust
B. Initiative versus guilt
C. Industry versus inferiority
D. Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Answer 46

C. Industry versus inferiority

Question 47

Brett, a three-year-old, states that if he grows his hair long, he will be a girl. Brett’s statement indicates a lack of

A. Self-esteem
B. Sense of self
C. Self-constancy
D. Preoperational thought

Answer 47

C. Self-constancy