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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 12 & 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 & 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is not associated with early adulthood?

A. Establishing a career
B. Developing an autonomous identity separate from parents
C. Forming an intimate, romantic relationship
D. Having children

A

B. Developing an autonomous identity separate from parents

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2
Q

Which of the following statement best explains why women have higher body fat percentage than men?

A. women have higher BFP for reproductive purposes
B. Women have higher BFP for cultural roles, such as cooking
C. Men have lower BFP due to a greater amount of physical activity than women
D. It is culturally expected for women to have higher BFP in early adulthood, but not in middle adulthood

A

A. women have higher BFP for reproductive purposes

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3
Q

Most of the sensory systems peak in early adulthood and either start to gradually decline or remain constant during this time period. However, thirty-three-year-old Molly can take solace that she is still becoming more sensitive in

A. Hearing
B. Visual distance perception
C. Smell sensitivity
D. Touch sensitivity

A

D. Touch sensitivity

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4
Q

According to National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines, most individuals in Australasia could effectively improve their diets by

A. eating fewer breads, cereals and pastas
B. Eating larger servings of fish, meat, chicken and eggs
C. Eating several servings of fruits and vegetables daily
D. Eating more servings of milk and cheese than they currently do

A

C. Eating several servings of fruits and vegetables daily

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5
Q

The Physical Education Lecturer suggested that the University required physical education courses emphasising aerobic activities for every student, because these courses would provide the primary benefit of

A. Decreasing depression and anxiety among students
B. Improving mental discipline in studying
C. Helping the cardiovascular system to function well and counteract ageing effects
D. Counteracting the negative effects of smoking, fast food and alcohol consumption

A

C. Helping the cardiovascular system to function well and counteract ageing effects

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6
Q

Which of the following variables is considered a risk factor for eating disorders?

A. being an athlete
B. Being an ethnic minority
C. Middle and upper middle class
D. Northern European cultural heritage

A

A. being an athlete

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7
Q

The University’s health fair committee wants to target significant health-compromising behaviours and help students change their behaviour. If the committee wants to highlight the behaviour that causes the most preventable illnesses and deaths, the most emphasised topic should be

A. Alcohol consumption
B. Safe driving
C. Safe sex
D. Smoking

A

D. Smoking

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8
Q

Which of the following University students is most likely to be a frequent binge drinker and have alcohol-related problems?

A. One with no experience with alcohol and parents that don’t drink
B. One with a heavy drinking parent
C. One who drinks a moderate amount and has parents who drink moderately
D. One that comes from a strict home but holds favourable opinions on alcohol

A

B. One with a heavy drinking parent

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9
Q

Kelly thought that you could predict which individuals had difficult lives by whether the individuals looked older than their chronological age. Kelly based her belief on Hans Seyle’s general adaptation syndrome in that individuals who had to deal with more problems look older because

A. over production of hormones in adrenal glands
B. Depletion of bodily resources
C. Inability to resist alarm stage
D. dysfunction of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

A

B. Depletion of bodily resources

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10
Q

If you want to ‘adjust’ your personality to decrease your risk of dying from coronary heart disease, you might try to

A. decrease your cynicism
B. Use more denial of stress and problems
C. Cut back on responsibilities
D. Be more open about anger and hostility

A

A. decrease your cynicism

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11
Q

Which of the following is the least common rape situation?

A. By a partner
B. By a relative
C. By a stranger
D. By a friend

A

C. By a stranger

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12
Q

One sex difference in the sexual response cycle is that females might experience

A. A refractory period
B. Low levels of sexual desire
C. Multiple orgasms
D. Vascocongestion

A

C. Multiple orgasms

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13
Q

Compared with formal operational thought, postformal thought is characterised by the ability to

A. Dismiss contradictory thought
B. Deal with relative and subjective knowledge
C. Choose between alternatives
D. Reduce the number of problems that one considers

A

B. Deal with relative and subjective knowledge

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14
Q

The model of Gisela Labouvie-Vief differs from other view of postformal thinking by proposing a second mode that emphasises

A. objective, formal reasoning
B. Dialectic thinking
C. Problem finding
D. Intuitive, imaginative, subjective reasoning

A

D. Intuitive, imaginative, subjective reasoning

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15
Q

According to Schaie’s stages of adult thinking, a young adult is most likely to be in which stage?

A. Responsible
B. Acquisitive
C. Achieving
D. Executive

A

C. Achieving

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16
Q

According to work by both William Perry and Mary Belensky and her associates, college seniors are more likely than beginning college freshman to

A. Believe that the truth is relative
B. Expect wrong and right ways of thinking
C. Agree with authority figures
D. Value logical thinking processes

A

A. Believe that the truth is relative

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17
Q

According to several research studies, Carol Gilligan’s ‘different voice’ or the care orientation model of moral values is more likely to be exhibited by

A. Females
B. College-educated individuals
C. Cohorts who experienced war during adolescence
D. Individuals in subordinate positions

A

D. Individuals in subordinate positions

18
Q

According to Fowler’s faith-knowing system, an important aspect of faith for young adults is

A. Constructing ones own meaning of faith
B. Pleasing God
C. Engaging in church rituals and following rules
D. Viewing the universal aspects of major faiths

A

A. Constructing ones own meaning of faith

19
Q

All of the following contribute to the intellectual skill growth of tertiary students except

A. On campus residence
B. Regular contact between students and faculty
C. Informal interaction between faculty and students
D. Off-campus residence

A

D. Off-campus residence

20
Q

Which of the following is not referred to as sexual harassment?

A. Occupational segregation
B. Unwanted sexual advances
C. Hostile work environment
D. Physical or verbal abuse

A

A. Occupational segregation

21
Q

Compared with normative crisis theories, timing of events theories of adult development place greater emphasis on

A. Personal decisions
B. Societal expectations
C. The early adulthood years
D. Gender and ethnicity differences

A

B. Societal expectations

22
Q

In a study asking about the best age for becoming sexually active, which country preferences the latest age?

A. New Zealand
B. Australia
C. China
D. India

A

D. India

23
Q

According to George Vaillant, which individual is exhibiting an immature adaptive mechanism in adjusting to life events?

A. One that feels unsuccessful at work and gets anxious while driving to work
B. One that lowers her anxiety about a tests by painting
C. One that is too shy to date, but fantasises about a woman he met online
D. One that feel uncomfortable and paranoid at work

A

C. One that is too shy to date, but fantasises about a woman he met online

24
Q

According to Erik Erikson, the most important task in early adulthood is

A. Forging an identity
B. Separating form one’s parents
C. Achieving academic or career success
D. Developing close personal relationships

A

D. Developing close personal relationships

25
Q

When Roberts and Newton looked at women’s development in terms of Levinson’s seasons of adult lives, they concluded that

A. Women were more likely to have both achievement and relationship dreams
B. Women were more likely to use mentors than men were
C. Women and men were equally committed to their career goals
D. Both women and men considered spousal goals in determining career goals

A

A. Women were more likely to have both achievement and relationship dreams

26
Q

The gender-differentiated personality theories of Chodorow, Gilligan and Miller emphasise

A. The view of women as autonomous beings
B. Interpersonal relationships in forming female personalities
C. That autonomy and assertion are contradictory to the context of relationships
D. That men and women have quite separate ways of defining their personalities

A

D. That men and women have quite separate ways of defining their personalities

27
Q

Which of the following is more typical of female friendships than of male friendships?

A. Shared activities
B. Shared achievements
C. Greater self-disclosure
D. Being near someone

A

C. Greater self-disclosure

28
Q

Jack and Jill were discussing their parents’ relationships. Jack felt that his parents had a long-term commitment out of duty to their children and because of religious beliefs, but did not see any intimacy or passion between his mother and father. Jill didn’t think her parents had any passion for each other, but she did observe a closeness in their committed relationship. Which of the following accurately labels their parents’ types of love?

A. Jacks parents have empty love and Jills parents have companionate love
B. Jacks parent have empty love and Jills parents have liking
C. Jacks parents have companionate love and JIlls parents have liking
D. Jacks parents have liking and Jills parents have companionate love

A

A. Jacks parents have empty love and Jills parents have companionate love

29
Q

The short-lived love ___________ is common during early adulthood and the long-lived love of ___________ is not typical of early adulthood.

A. Fatuous love; consummate love
B. Romantic love; companionate love
C. Infatuation; empty love
D. Fatuous love; companionate love

A

C. Infatuation; empty love

30
Q

Which of the following describes a marriage that represents the most common form of marriage in Australasia today?

A. Man earns income, woman takes care of the home
B. All roles negotiated between the two partners
C. Both contribute to both the money earning and household activities
D. Both alternate between role

A

C. Both contribute to both the money earning and household activities

31
Q

Research finds that in comparison to the time fathers spend on housework, mothers spend

A. the same amount of time
B. Four times as much
C. Twice as much
D. Less time

A

B. Four times as much

32
Q

Compared to single individuals, cohabitating individuals reported higher levels of

A. Happiness
B. Financial well-being
C. Physical health
D. Happiness, financial well-being and physical health

A

A. Happiness

33
Q

In a study of the long-term effects of divorce on adolescents and adult children, it was found that children of divorce were

A. Less likely to want to get married
B. Less likely to want to have children
C. More likely to postpone sexual activity
D. More likely to leave that parents home early

A

D. More likely to leave that parents home early

34
Q

Which of the following is not an accurate statement about remarriage?

A. Americans remarry at almost the same rate they marry
B. Remarried adults report less depression than married couples who have never been divorced
C. Younger divorced adults are more likely to remarry than other divorced adults
D. Almost half of remarriages end in divorce

A

B. Remarried adults report less depression than married couples who have never been divorced

35
Q

Which of the following would researchers expect to have the poorest health in later life?

A happily married man
B. A separated woman
C. A woman who never married
D. A man who never married

A

B. A separated woman

36
Q

Characteristics of adults who choose cohabitation include

A. higher education level
B. likelihood to describe themselves as traditional
C. More likely to come from single parent homes
D. More likely to be from an ethnic minority

A

C. More likely to come from single parent homes

37
Q

Studies comparing homosexual and heterosexual couples found that gay and lesbian couples reported

A. Higher levels of sexual satisfaction
B. Lower levels of relationship satisfaction
C. Poorer communication between relationship partners
D. More inequality in relationship roles and division of tasks

A

A. Higher levels of sexual satisfaction

38
Q

Hackel and Ruble looked at couples’ adjustment to parenthood and found that

A. Both men and women reported doing more housework and childcare than they expected
B. Both men and women reported doing less housework and childcare than they expected
C. Women reported doing more housework and childcare than expected
D. Women reported doing less housework and childcare than expected and men reported doing more housework and childcare than expected

A

C. Women reported doing more housework and childcare than expected

39
Q

Which of the following is an accurate statement about step-parenting?

A. It is easier with same-sex stepchildren
B. It is an easier adjustment for older children than younger
C. Typically the step mother role is easier than step father
D. Smoother transitions occur when both spouses have children

A

A. It is easier with same-sex stepchildren

40
Q

Which of the following couples would be the most typical early articulators?

A. A couple that knew they didn’t want children
B. A couple that decided not to have children for their careers
C. A couple resigned to be childless after the male was sick
D. A couple that delayed having children

A

B. A couple that decided not to have children for their careers

Developmental Psychology (10 decks)

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