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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 16 & 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 & 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following terms was coined by Robert Butler in the 1960s to describe society’s attitude toward the elderly?

A. Age-irrelavent society
B. Ageism
C. The telomere hypothesis
D. The wise elder

A

B. Ageism

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2
Q

The degenerative phase of the ageing process that causes an individual to become more vulnerable to disease and mortality as the years go by is

A. Sarcopenia
B. Primary ageing
C. Senescence
D. Telomere

A

C. Senescence

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3
Q

The number one reason why people now have a significantly greater life expectancy than a hundred years ago is

A. Fewer deaths in wars
B. Better nutrition and less famine
C. Fewer deaths due to childbirth complications
D. Eradication of infant and childhood diseases

A

D. Eradication of infant and childhood diseases

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4
Q

Which of the following is not one of the top five causes of death for men and women over the age of sixty-four?

A. Chronic lover disease
B. Respiratory disease
C. Cancer
D. Heart disease

A

A. Chronic lover disease

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5
Q

Compared with younger adults who commit suicide, older adults who kill themselves are more likely to

A. Be socially isolated
B. Have health problems
C. Communicate warning signs
D. Experience interpersonal losses

A

B. Have health problems

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6
Q

‘Wear and tear’ theories of ageing emphasise

A. Insufficient telomere as cells replicate
B. The limited number of times that cells can divide
C. An increase in genetic errors as cells divide
D. Increasing amounts of telomere as cells replicate

A

C. An increase in genetic errors as cells divide

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7
Q

Seventy-year-old Walter works out regularly and participates each summer in track events in the Senior Olympics. One might assume that his efforts would have a beneficial effect on his

A. Primary ageing
B. Secondary Ageing
C. Both primary and secondary ageing
D. Neither primary nor secondary ageing

A

B. Secondary Ageing

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8
Q

Which of the following contributing factors to osteoporosis is an aspect of primary ageing?

A. Demineralisation
B. Being sedentary
C. Smoking
D. Being underweight

A

A. Demineralisation

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9
Q

When sixty-year-old Polly worked out at the fitness centre, she was told to aim for a lower heartbeat after being on the treadmill longer than her daughter, even though Polly is fairly fit. Why?

A. Most fitness centres operate with ageist ideas
B. Research finds that older adults are more likely to continue a fitness regime if it is more pleasurable
C. The respiratory system cannot handle the output required
D. As we age, maximum cardiac output and aerobic power are reduced

A

D. As we age, maximum cardiac output and aerobic power are reduced

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10
Q

Which of the following sensory system changes is most likely to be treated with medicine?

A. Glaucoma
B. Presebycusis
C. Cataracts
B. Detached retina

A

A. Glaucoma

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11
Q

What is the largest contributor to hearing loss?

A. Genetic predisposition
B. Learned inattentiveness
C. Primary ageing
D. Noise

A

D. Noise

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12
Q

What is the biggest predictor of whether a seventy-year-old will be sexually active?

A. Physical wellbeing
B. Beliefs about the appropriateness of elderly sex
C. Being sexually active in younger adulthood
D. Having a sexual partner

A

D. Having a sexual partner

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13
Q

All of the following contribute to adult health and longevity accept

A. Eating breakfast
B. Exercising regularly
C. Eating healthy snacks
D. Limiting alcohol consumption

A

C. Eating healthy snacks

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14
Q

What is the cause of loss of functioning due to hypokinesis?

A. Lower efficiency in maintaining body temperature
B. Onset of chronic disease
C. Disuse of muscle and bone tissue
D. Substance abuse

A

C. Disuse of muscle and bone tissue

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15
Q

Among the elderly, all of the following are risk factors for suicide except

A. Alcohol consumption
B. Financial difficulties
C. Lack of purpose
D. Being married

A

D. Being married

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16
Q

All of the following are accurate statements about rheumatoid arthritis except that

A. It is the most crippling form of arthritis
B. It affects the whole body rather than specific joints
C. It occur equally among men and women
D. It is an autoimmune disorder

A

C. It occur equally among men and women

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17
Q

When Willis and Schaie retrained older adults who had experienced declines in inductive reasoning or spatial orientation they found

A. Poor gains in both
B. Equal gains in both
C. Greater gains in spatial reasoning than inductive reasoning
D. Greater gains in inductive reasoning than spatial reasoning

A

D. Greater gains in inductive reasoning than spatial reasoning

18
Q

Studies of how the brain changes with age have indicated an increase in

A. Total number of neurons
B. Density of synapses
C. Rate of plasticity
D. Blood flow to the brain

A

B. Density of synapses

19
Q

Which of the following is a cause of acute brain syndrome?

A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. Multi-infarct dementia
C. Senile dementia
D. Metabolic malfunctions die to diabetes

A

D. Metabolic malfunctions die to diabetes

20
Q

Georgette is very excited about being able to ‘do all the things she put off’ now that she is in her retirement. She is thrilled about being retired. Atchley would suggest that Georgette is in which retirement phase?

A. Honeymoon
B. Reorientation
C. Rest and relaxation
D. Retirement contentment

A

A. Honeymoon

21
Q

Compared with younger adults, older adults are less satisfied with aspects of their lives when it comes to

A. Income
B. Family interactions
C. Physical health
D. Spousal relationships

A

C. Physical health

22
Q

According to Vaillant and Vaillant’s work with the Harvard Grant study, which of the following variables has a significant effect on later life adjustment?

A. Scholastic aptitude
B. Orphanhood
C. Childhood socioeconomic status
D. Sibling closeness

A

D. Sibling closeness

23
Q

Compared with the participants in the Harvard Grant study, participants in the Berkeley Older Generation study

A. Represented a narrower SES
B. Included women
C. Were chosen from a university population
D. Were not as old

A

B. Included women

24
Q

Which personality trait did Field and Milsap find changed the least as subjects in the Berkeley Older Generation study reached the old-old age?

A. Intellect
B. Satisfaction
C. Extroversion
D. Agreeableness

A

B. Satisfaction

25
Q

Gertrude is seventy-five years old. If Erik Erikson’s theory of personality is correct, which of the following would be of most concern to Gertrude?

A. What is the enduring meaning of my life?
B. What can I do to help others?
C. How can I become less lonely?
D. What can I do to extend my life?

A

A. What is the enduring meaning of my life?

26
Q

Field and Milsap, as well as Erikson, Erikson and Kivnick, found that the increase in the personality trait of _________ among old-old participants was consistent with the eight psychosocial tasks.

A. Extroversion
B. Uniqueness
C. Religiosity
D. Agreeableness

A

D. Agreeableness

27
Q

One aspect of ageing that activity theory and disengagement theory agree upon is that

A. It is important to find substitute activities when one retires
B. Older people have the same psychosocial needs as they did in middle age
C. Ageing persons typically find that society withdraws from interacting with them
D. Older persons have increased preoccupation with themselves

A

C. Ageing persons typically find that society withdraws from interacting with them

28
Q

Compared to middle-aged adults in long-term marriages, older adults report to perceive their spouse’s behaviour to be

A. More negative
B. More positive
C. Less positive
D. About the same

A

B. More positive

29
Q

Saul and Rachel have been married for forty-eight years. When interviewed for an article in the church newsletter, they were asked about their confidantes in life. Saul’s answer was probably _________ and Rachel’s answer was probably _________.

A. Rachel; Saul
B. Eldest son; Saul
C. Rachel; Eldest daughter
D. Eldest son; Eldest daughter

A

C. Rachel; Eldest daughter

30
Q

Who among the following is least likely to be institutionalised because of physical health problems?

A. Married men
B. Never-married women
C. Married women
D. Never-married men

A

A. Married men

31
Q

Widowers are more likely than widows to

A. Remain single
B. Interact with family members
C. Experience loneliness
D. Have better financial resources

A

D. Have better financial resources

32
Q

Yvonne wants to experience increased body satisfaction as she gets older. Based on research findings, what should Yvonne do so that she continues to be pleased with her body over the next few decades?

A. Seek cosmetic alterations
B. Exercise regularly
C. Date younger men
D. Learn to accept the ageing process

A

B. Exercise regularly

33
Q

Which of the following older women is most likely to experience loneliness?

A. A married woman
B. A divorced woman
C. A woman who has never married
D. All are equally at risk

A

B. A divorced woman

34
Q

After siblings leave their parents’ home, their lives become more separated and less involved. Years later, siblings often deal with life events that once again increase their interaction with each other. Which of the following is the principal reason for the increase in adult siblings’ interactions?

A. Increased leisure time after retirement
B. Decreasing loneliness after spousal death
C. Caring for ageing parents
D. Experiencing generativity versus stagnation

A

C. Caring for ageing parents

35
Q

Jan and Steve are involved in a committed relationship that includes sexual activity, but they still maintain separate households. Jan and Steve’s relationship is best described as a(n)

A. Marriage
B. Abandoned relationship
C. Living together but apart relationship
D. Absent relationship

A

C. Living together but apart relationship

36
Q

Grandpa Ray is just as likely as Grandma Viola to influence their grandchildren’s

A. Political beliefs
B. Religious beliefs
C. Family ideals
D. Moral beliefs

A

A. Political beliefs

37
Q

Barney’s grandparents are talking about entering a congregate housing facility. Which of the following are they likely to be considering?

A. Skilled nursing home
B. Group home
C. Adult care facility
D. Retirement community

A

D. Retirement community

38
Q

Which of the following is considered an informal support in an assisted living situation?

A. Church members bring food home
B. Participating in community programs
C. Attending an adult care facility
D. A visiting nurse

A

A. Church members bring food home

39
Q

Betty and Linda see each other once a week in a knitting circle and because of this contact, define themselves as friends. Which of the following would NOT be an example of this type of friendship categorisation?

A. Behavioural aspects
B. Cognitive processes
C. Structural characteristics
D. Proxy indicators

A

B. Cognitive processes

40
Q

What percentage of elderly volunteers is recruited through personal networks?

A. 3/4
B. 1/3
C. 1/2
D. 2/3

A

D. 2/3

Developmental Psychology (10 decks)

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