Chapter 4 & 5

Question 1

There are four new babies in the neonatal unit of the hospital. Which was most likely born less than nine months after conception?

A. Margot, whose skin looks rather red
B. Penelope, whose skin is covered with vernix
C. Vincent, whose head is elongated and pointy
D. Warren, who is covered with amniotic fluid and blood

Answer 1

B. Penelope, whose skin is covered with vernix

Question 2

Kelly scored a 3 on the Apgar scale. Accordingly, it’s most probable that

A. Her heart rate is too fast
B. Her skin is redder than that of most babies
C. She has a very strong startle reaction
D. She needs assistance to breath

Answer 2

D. She needs assistance to breath

Question 3

At one minute after birth, Janet scored an 8 on the Apgar scale. Accordingly the doctor in charge pronounced her to be

A. Healthy enough for the time being
B. In need of intensive care immediately
C. In need of immediate attention from a paediatrician
D. In need of observation for the next few hours

Answer 3

A. Healthy enough for the time being

Question 4

During the first year of life, the typical baby’s brain development is characterised by a(n)

A. Increase in the number of connection between neurons
B. Large increase in the number of neurons
C. Shift in functioning from the cerebral cortex to the midbrain and cerebellum
D. Thinning out of the myelin sheathing of the neurons

Answer 4

A. Increase in the number of connection between neurons

Question 5

Natalie, who is ten years old, sleeps eight hours a day and spends one-fourth of that time in REM sleep. How will her new baby sister’s sleeping habits compare with hers?

A. the newborn will sleep less and spend less time in REM sleep
B. The newborn will sleep less and spend more time in REM sleep
C. The newborn will sleep more and spend more time in REM sleep
D. The newborn will sleep more and spend less time in REM sleep

Answer 5

C. The newborn will sleep more and spend more time in REM sleep

Question 6

Bryce and Darlene, who have experienced a number of restless nights with their newborn, would like to know when they could expect their son to adopt a somewhat regular sleep schedule. Given that Bryce and Darlene maintain a fairly consistent routine, they might expect this to occur

A. WIthin the first week
B. At about six weeks
C. At about three months
D. At about six months

Answer 6

B. At about six weeks

Question 7

Which of the following is true about the newborn’s visual activity?

A. Her peripheral vision is fully developed
B. Her vision for near objects is better than for far away objects
C. Her vision is around 20/30
D. Her vision is better when an object is stationary rather than moving

Answer 7

B. Her vision for near objects is better than for far away objects

Question 8

The Moro reflex is likely to be exhibited by a one-month-old if

A. A bottle is placed near his mouth
B. The bottom of his foot is stroked
C. Someone touches his cheek
D. A door is slammed

Answer 8

D. A door is slammed

Question 9

Which of the following toddlers is employing a gross motor skill?

A. One who is picking at a rug methodically
B. One creeping down the stair backwards on all fours
C. One looking at a pop up book and laughing
D. One licking melting ice cream from the sides of an ice cream cone

Answer 9

B. One creeping down the stair backwards on all fours

Question 10

Of the following, which provides the best example of the proximodistal principle?

A. Seeing near objects better than seeing far objects
B. Being able to stack blocks but have difficulty climbing stairs
C. Understanding speech even though they cannot speak it yet
D. Using fingers to wave rather than the whole arm

Answer 10

D. Using fingers to wave rather than the whole arm

Question 11

Which of the following is true concerning early infant sex differences?

A. Males are generally more active than females
B. Males generally walk before females
C. Females generally sit upright before males
B. Females generally stand upright before males

Answer 11

A. Males are generally more active than females

Question 12

When his mother first took two-month-old Jeffrey to visit his aunt’s apartment, he spent a lot of time staring at his aunt’s colourful dress. As time passed, he looked less at the dress and more at his surroundings. This change in Jeffrey’s behavior most likely reflects

A. Conditioning
B. Habituation
C. Assimilation
D. Symbolic thought

Answer 12

B. Habituation

Question 13

Joe carries his ten-day-old son Joshua in a baby sling as he walks around the Museum of Modern Art. In a room with the following four paintings, Joshua’s attention would be most riveted by the painting showing

A. Yellow and green stripes
B. A single red dot on a white background
C. A black surface
D. An abstract human face

Answer 13

D. An abstract human face

Question 14

Sandra realises that her favourite toy, a musical carousel, remains the same even though it looks different when her father picks her up and she sees it from above. Sandra has achieved

A. Depth perception
B. Habituation
C. Object constancy
D. Object permanence

Answer 14

C. Object constancy

Question 15

Two-year-old Peter liked to tug on his doll’s tail. One day, he tried to pull the cat’s tail and the cat scratched him. After that, Peter knew that only some tails are safe to pull on. Peter has undergone the process known as

A. Classical conditioning
B. Habituation
C. Accommodation
D. Assimilation

Answer 15

C. Accommodation

Question 16

Which of the following toddlers is assimilating?

A. One who notices walking on a tiled floor requires more caution than the carpet
B. On who cries when her mother leaves, but soon calms down and starts playing
C. One who notices her father is happy when she calls him ‘dada’ and then begins to call all men ‘dada’
D. One who stares at a colourful picture

Answer 16

C. One who notices her father is happy when she calls him ‘dada’ and then begins to call all men ‘dada’

Question 17

Drew is in the sixth substage of Piaget’s stages of sensorimotor intelligence. Consequently, when he sees his sister running into another room to hide his favourite toy, Drew will

A. Cry but not look for the toy
B. Look for the toy
C. Look but quickly give up
D. Stare blankly at where he last saw the toy

Answer 17

B. Look for the toy

Question 18

Nicky’s first words were ‘Want’ and ‘Mine’. Donna’s first words were ‘Cup’ and ‘Bath’. Nicky has a ____ style of language and Donna has a ____ style of language.

A. expressive; expressive
B. Expressive; referential
C. Referential; expressive
D. Referential; referential

Answer 18

B. Expressive; referential

Question 19

If a child says ‘Cup’, which of the following parental responses to the child’s utterance would constitute a contingent dialogue?

A. “Do you want a drink? Would you like some milk?”
B. “Good! You said cup, if you say ‘Juice” I’ll pour some in your cup”
C. “Here, you want it? You can have it”
D. “what about your cup? Tell me what you want”

Answer 19

A. “Do you want a drink? Would you like some milk?”

Contingent dialogue involves extending a child’s verbal initiative

Question 20

Every day when Michelle gives her two-year-old daughter Leah a bath, the two of them engage in a two-way conversation pertaining to the rubber duck, the soap, the bath water and the towel. This type of conversation is called

A. Contextual dialogue
B. Contingent dialogue
C. The expressive style of language
D. Receptive language

Answer 20

A. Contextual dialogue

Question 21

Bill and Alison have experienced the birth of their first child. Accordingly, from now on they can expect to

A. Become more self-centred
B. Engage in sexual activity less often than before
C. Experience less conflict in their marital relationship
D. Take on more traditional gender roles

Answer 21

D. Take on more traditional gender roles

Question 22

Ralph watched as Sally interacted with their new baby. The baby was watching her intently as Sally talked to her. Then, as soon as Sally finished, the baby started to make cooing noises as if in direct response. Ralph was witnessing

A. Caregiver-infancy synchrony
B. Rhythmicity
C. Self-referencing
D. Self-regulation

Answer 22

A. Caregiver-infancy synchrony

Question 23

Which of the following is true concerning father-infant interactions?

A. Fathers tend to play more ritual games such as peek-a-boo
B. Fathers tend to spend more time interacting with infants than mothers
C. Fathers tend to roughhouse more with infants than mothers
D. Fathers tend to tal more with infants more than mothers

Answer 23

C. Fathers tend to roughhouse more with infants than mothers

Question 24

Conflict between siblings is most likely to occur for which reason?

A. Because of an inherent dislike of one another
B. Because of disputed possessions
C. Because of different natural makeup
D. Because parents are seen as giving preferential treatment

Answer 24

D. Because parents are seen as giving preferential treatment

Question 25

Three-and-a-half-year-old Elaine’s parents are looking to enrol their daughter in a child care centre. In order to make sure that the centre they select has effective teachers, they should look for one whose teachers

A. Are university educated
B. Are experienced mothers
C. Are over the age of thirty
D. Who were raised with siblings

Answer 25

A. Are university educated

Question 26

Baby Dana is showing surprise. Accordingly, she could most probably also express

A. Guilt
B. Envy
C. Shame
D. Wariness

Answer 26

D. Wariness

Question 27

At Hayley’s firstbirthday party, she expressed all of the following emotions EXCEPT

A. Joy at the cake
B. Shame at wetting herself
C. Anger at her brother for stealing her toys
D. Wariness at unknown people

Answer 27

B. Shame at wetting herself

Question 28

The infant Michael has been classified as having a slow-to-warm-up temperament. Is it possible to predict what Michael’s personality will be like when he reaches his teen years?

A. No, infant temperament is not predictive of later personality
B. Yes, most likely anxious
C. Yes, most likely shy
D. Yes, most likely cautious

Answer 28

A. No, infant temperament is not predictive of later personality

Question 29

Which two theories have had the greatest influence on the concept of attachment?

A. Behavioural and Piagetian
B Ethological and behavioural
C. Psychoanalytic and ethological
D. Piagetian and Psychoanalytic

Answer 29

C. Psychoanalytic and ethological

Question 30

Ten-month-old Kerry, who has formed an attachment to her mother, has come with her mother to visit great-grandmother. According to attachment theory, when Kerry leaves her mother’s side and goes exploring into another area of great-grandmother’s living room, she should feel

A. Autonomous and self-confident
B. Bored and restless
C. Curious and daring
D. Fearful and anxious

Answer 30

D. Fearful and anxious

Question 31

Debbie shows definite signs of object permanence; we might expect that she should also begin to show

A. An anxious-resistent attachment pattern
B. A secure attachment pattern
C. Separation anxiety
D. Stranger anxiety

Answer 31

C. Separation anxiety

Question 32

Two-year-old Jasper’s father left him with a playgroup for the first time. When he returned to pick him up, Jasper acted confused and upset. When his father tried to hold and comfort him, Jasper turned away, assumed a still posture, and would not look him in the eye. Finally, Jasper seemed comforted and they left, but as his father was putting him into the car seat, he started to cry. Which pattern of attachment is Jasper displaying?

A. Anxious-avoidant
B. Anxious-resistent
C. Disorganised-disoriented
D. Secure

Answer 32

C. Disorganised-disoriented

Question 33

When Charlie needs the help of his nursery school teacher, he zigzags his way across the room to reach her desk, only to stand their passively and wait for her to notice him. Charlie’s pattern of attachment when he was an infant was most likely

A. Anxious-avoidant
B. Anxious-resistent
C. Disorganised-disoriented
D. Secure

Answer 33

A. Anxious-avoidant

Question 34

Allie is the mother of a four-month-old baby boy named Bryce. Because Allie is now returning to work in her law office, it is more likely that

A. He will develop an anxious-avoidant attachment
B. He will develop a disorganised-disoriented attachment
C. He will experience higher separation anxiety than infants with stay at home mothers
D. His mother will experience high levels of separation anxiety

Answer 34

D. His mother will experience high levels of separation anxiety

Question 35

When Doris was asked to describe her childhood relationships on the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), she gave incoherent, contradictory answers and demonstrated anger at things that happened between her and her parents twenty-six years ago. It is likely, therefore, that her own baby will display the ____ pattern of attachment.

A. Anxious-avoidant
B. Anxious-resistent
C. Disorganised-disoriented
C. Secure

Answer 35

B. Anxious-resistent

Question 36

Every time that two-year-old Shannon attempt so do something for herself, her mother criticises her and makes her feel ashamed. Accordingly, Shannon is liable to either develop into a painfully shy girl or one who is

A. Curious and adventurous
B. Confident and outgoing
C. Stubborn and persistent
D. Unsure and self-critical

Answer 36

D. Unsure and self-critical

Question 37

Two-and-a-half-year-old Tory’s favourite words are: ‘I’ll do it myself.’ How would a psychoanalyst explain Tory’s desire for self-control over his own behaviour?

A. He is imitating what he sees others doing
B. He is trying to be like his parents
C. He thinks that he can do things better than his parents
D. He was rewarded for autonomous in the past

Answer 37

B. He is trying to be like his parents

Question 38

One-year-old Casey knows not to pet the neighbour’s dog because Mum taught him that the dog may bite. One day his neighbor brings a small bunny for Casey to pet. Casey hesitates and looks at Mum. After seeing Mum smile, Casey reaches to pet the bunny. Casey’s behaviour is an example of

A. Caregiver-infant synchrony
B. Rhythmicity
C. Self-regulation
D. Social referencing

Answer 38

D. Social referencing

Question 39

Patty dresses her thirteen-month-old daughter Hannah as a clown for a costume party. As they’re about to leave the house, Hannah catches a glimpse of herself in the mirror. Hannah is most likely to

A. Protest being made to look like a clown
B. Think its someone else
C. Try to wipe the makeup off her face
D. Wave or stick her tongue out

Answer 39

B. Think its someone else

Question 40

Whitney, who has a fifteen-month-old son, is most likely to institute rules of behaviour that are based on

A. complying with family routine
B. Ensuring her son’s safety
C. Promoting her son’s self-care
D. Respecting basic social nicities

Answer 40

B. Ensuring her son’s safety