Chapter 8 Flashcards
___________ are illnesses caused by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.
Infectious Diseases
_____________ are a subset of infectious diseases made up of illnesses that can be transmitted from person to person.
Communicable Diseases
_________ are single-celled microorganisms that live in water, inside the human body, in organic matter, and on inorganic surfaces (fomites)
Bacteria
________ one of the smallest disease agents, must grow and multiply inside the living cells of a host.
Viruses
_______ are a common cause of disease where sanitation is poor, generally in developing countries, although cases are still found in developed countries.
Fungi
The ________ period begins when the pathogen enters the body by evading the host’s outermost layers of defense, such as skin or acidic mucous membranes.
latent
The _______ period is the interval between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms.
incubation
This stage lasts as long as the agent remains in the body and can be spread to other people.
Communicability Period
________________ is the branch of medicine concerned with studying the causes, distribution, and control of disease in a population.
Epidemiology
The Department of Labor’s __________ oversees compliance, enforcement, inspection, tracking and reporting related to infection control practices in the workplace.
OSHA
Historically, most needlesticks have occurred during _________ procedures.
recapping
The best means of preventing transmission of infectious agents remains the most basic one:
effective hand washing
An __________ is a disease outbreak in which many people in a community or region become infected with the same disease.
epidemic
A ___________, is an epidemic that sweeps the globe, reaching all seven continents.
pandemic
A __________ is necessary if a pathogenic agent is to leave one host to invade another.
portal of exit
The _________ is the site at which the pathogenic agent enters a new host.
portal of entry
The ________ is a molecule the immune system does not recognize as its own.
antigen
The most common site of infection in endocarditis is the _______.
mitral valve
_________ is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
Meningitis