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AMLS > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

When stretched out, the small intestine is about _____ feet long, but in the body it is looped tightly within the relatively small abdominal cavity.

A

22

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2
Q

The duodenum is shortest in length, at just about a ______.

A

1

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3
Q

The ___________ receives the semifluid, partially digested stomach contents, or chyme, as well as exocrine secretions from the liver and pancreas.

A

duodenum

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4
Q

The ________ is about 8 feet long and is responsible for most of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients.

A

jejunum

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5
Q

The _______ is the final section of the small bowel and is the longest section at 13 feet.

A

ileum

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6
Q

The large intestine includes the ______, ________ and ________.

A

cecum
colon
rectum

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7
Q

The ________ performs more than 200 functions in the body.

A

liver

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8
Q

The _________ is the largest reservoir of blood in the body.

A

liver

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9
Q

The ___________’s function is to modify and store bile.

A

gallbladder

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10
Q

The _________ functions in digestion as an exocrine organ, secreting digestive enzymes, bicarbonate, electrolytes, and water.

A

pancreas

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11
Q

Food progresses through the GI tract by a process called ___________.

A

mastication

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12
Q

The _________ nerve plays a pivotal role in gastric emptying by affecting the motility of the GI tract by controlling the contraction and dilation of sphincters and smooth muscle.

A

vagus nerve

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13
Q

_________ is the process of breaking down food into components to be used for nutrition for the body at the cellular level.

A

Digestion

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14
Q

The _______ intestine is the primary site for absorption of fluid and nutrients.

A

small

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15
Q

The _________ intestine is the primary site of absorption of water and salts.

A

large

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16
Q

Fever, for example, indicates that an infection may be present; typically a temperature of _______ degrees or greater is considered significant.

A

100.3

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17
Q

_________ bowel sounds may signal gastroenteritis or early bowel obstruction.

A

Hyperactive

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18
Q

Pain when the pressure is released, call “____________” is a classic sign of peritoneal irritation.

A

rebound tenderness

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19
Q

________ disease affects about 5 million people in the United States and is the most common cause of GI bleeding, representing about 60% of cases.

A

Peptic Ulcer

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20
Q

The gastric mucosa secretes __________ and _________, the stomach is an acidic environment.

A

hydrochloric acid

pepsinogen

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21
Q

_________ in peptic ulcer disease can be severe.

A

Bleeding

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22
Q

________ occur when blood flow through the liver is restricted.

A

Varices

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23
Q

Patients who have bled from their varies have a ____% chance of bleeding again. If they bleed again, ____% of the cases results in death.

A

70

30

24
Q

___________ syndrome is a special type of esophageal condition in which severe hemorrhaging can occur from longitudinal tears of the mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction.

A

Mallory-Weiss

25
Q

_____________ is a spontaneous rupture of the esophagus as a consequence of hyperemesis gravidarium, childbirth, violent coughing, seizures, weigh lifting, or explosive vomiting.

A

Boerhaave’s Syndrome

26
Q

__________ is the most common disorder related to the pancreas, but pancreatitis is also common.

A

Diabetes

27
Q

_______ sign, a blue discoloration around the umbilicus.

A

Cullen

28
Q

________ sign, a blue discoloration around the flanks.

A

Grey Turner

29
Q

__________, also called delayed gastric emptying, is a medical condition consisting of a partial paralysis of the stomach.

A

Gastroparesis

30
Q

__________ has been named as the most common cause of gastroparesis.

A

Diabetes

31
Q

__________ is the most common cause of extrauterine abdominal pain during pregnancy and should be suspected with GI complaints in pregnant women.

A

Appendicitis

32
Q

___________ ischemia is caused by an occlusion of the mesenteric artery or vein.

A

Mesenteric

33
Q

Gastric _________, a condition in which the stomach rotates more than 180 degrees.

A

volvulus

34
Q

_______ occurs when a portion of the bowel telescope into an adjacent portion of the intestine.

A

Intussusception

35
Q

Acute _________, the second leading cause of illness in the US, is characterized by watery diahrrea, nausea and vomiting, mild abdominal pain, and low-grade fever.

A

gastroenteritis

36
Q

________ simply means an inflammation of the liver.

A

Hepatitis

37
Q

Hepatitis _____ is typically spread from person to person through the fecal-oral route.

A

A

38
Q

Hepatitis _____ is usually spread through the exposure to infected blood or by sexual activity.

A

B

39
Q

Hepatitis ____ is commonplace in the US and is linked to blood transfusions.

A

C

40
Q

________ is a chronic disorder that affects 10 - 15% of the US population.

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

41
Q

Biliary tract disorders are a group of conditions that involve the inflammation of the ____________.

A

gallbladder

42
Q

__________ syndrome is an extremely rare cardiovascular disease resulting from occlusion of the major hepatic veins or inferior vena cava.

A

Budd-Chiari

43
Q

During the second half of pregnancy. about ____% of women have vaginal bleeding.

A

4

44
Q

_________, the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, is responsible for about 30% of all cases of bleeding during the second half or pregnancy.

A

Placenta abruptio

45
Q

HELLP syndrome

A

Hemolysis
Elevated Liver Enzymes
Low Platelet Count

46
Q

_____ syndrome is considered by some authorities to be a severe and rare form of preeclampsia.

A

HELLP

47
Q

Right upper quadrant pain, midepigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbances are the chief symptoms or ___________.

A

preeclampsia

48
Q

_________ occur in eclampsia.

A

seizures

49
Q

The characteristic site of implantation in an ectopic pregnancy is the ____________.

A

fallopian tube

50
Q

_______ is a bacterial infection of the kidneys.

A

Pyelonephritis

51
Q

Acute renal failure has three phases:

A

oliguric
diuretic
recovery

52
Q

_________ is a disease in which myoglobin released from damaged muscles obstructs the tubular portion of the nephrons, causing permanent damage if not caught early.

A

Rhabdomyolosis

53
Q

_________ is the permanent loss of renal function.

A

Chronic Renal Failure

54
Q

___________, or renal calculi, form as a result of metabolic abnormalities, primarily calcium building.

A

Kidney Stones

55
Q

Diagnosing abdominal pain in patients over 50, the rate of accuracy is less than ______%.

A

50

56
Q

A _______ is a temporary synthetic connection between an artery and a vein.

A

shunt

57
Q

a _______ is a permanent surgical connection between an artery and a vein.

A

fistula

AMLS (10 decks)

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