Chapter 7 Flashcards
________ are organs that manufacture and secret chemical substances.
Glands
______ glands secrete chemicals to the outer surface of the body.
Exocrine
________ secrete chemical hormones into the bloodstream.
Endocrine
Increased levels of a hormone will _______ secretion.
inhibit
Decreased levels of hormones will _________ secretion.
stimulate
The _________ gland is often referred to as the master gland.
pituitary
At the apex of each kidney is a triangular ______ gland about 1.5 inches tall and 3 inches long.
adrenal
The _______, or body of each adrenal gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
medulla
_________ occurs when the body is stressed by a diabetic emergency, an adverse drug reaction, or some serious challenge.
Thyroid storm
Graves’ disease, also known as _________, is the most common form of hyperthyroidism.
diffuse toxic goiter
__________ is an endocrine dysfunction characterized by decreased or absent secretion of thyroid hormones.
Hypothyroidism
When hypothyroidism becomes chronic and extreme, it may evolve into a life-threatening condition called _________.
myxedema coma
__________ is responsible for keeping serum levels of sodium and potassium in balance.
Aldosterone
The prehospital management of an acute exacerbation of Addison’s disease, known as a “_______________”, is limited to supportive care.
Addisonian crisis
Hyperadrenalism, or _____________, is the clinical condition caused by long-standing exposure to excessive circulating serum levels of glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, as a result of overproduction in the adrenal cortex.
Cushing’s syndrome
Patients with ____________ have a distinct appearance characterized by obesity, a moon face, and other cardinal features.
Cushing’s syndrome
________ is the most common endocrine disorder.
Diabetes
The classic clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus are referred to as the three P’s:
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
_________, a frequent complication of diabetes, is the most common endocrine emergency.
Hypoglycemia
___________ is characterized by a plasma glucose concentration >350 mg/dl.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Two body stems can compensate for pH imbalances:
renal
respiratory
A pH below 7.35 constitutes __________.
acidosis
A pH above 7.35 constitutes __________.
alkalosis
Any disorders that result in hypoventilation (pulmonary problems, airway obstruction, illnesses that depress the respiratory drive) will cause _________.
respiratory acidosis
An anion gap of ________ is considered normal.
12 - 15
Acronym for high-anion gap metabolic acidosis:
CAT-MUDPILES
Acronym for normal-anion gap metabolic acidosis:
FUSED-CARS
Classically, the first change detected n the ECG of a patient with hyperkalemia is the development of _____________.
peaked T-waves
___________ is the second most abundant intracellular bivalent cation in the human body.
Magnesium
