Chapter 5 Flashcards
Any decrease in a person’s alertness, difficulty with cognition, or behavior that departs from what is normal for that person constitutes _____________.
altered mental status
The brain represents only ____% of body weight.
2
The __________, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, accounts for 98% of all neural tissues of the body.
Central Nervous System
______ is a transparent, slightly yellowish fluid that acts as a shock absorber for the brain.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
The innermost meninx, which attaches directly to the brain’s surface, is a delicate membrane called the _________.
pia mater
The meshlike vascular network of this meninx resembles a cobweb, so it is known as the __________ membrane.
arachnoid
The outermost meninx, which lines the cranial vault, contains arteries that supply the bones of the skull, and it is called the ___________.
dura mater
The _________ space is between the dura mater and the skull.
epidural
The _________ space is between the dura and the subarachnoid membranes.
subdural
The brain can be divided into four main regions:
cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
diencephalon
The __________ comprises the cortex and the sub cortex.
cerebrum
The left hemisphere, called the ______ brain is also responsible for reading, writing, math, and sequential and analytical tasks.
logical
the right hemisphere, known as the ______ brain, interprets sensory information and processes, and spatial awareness.
creative
The __________ coordinates movements, balance and posture.
cerebellum
The ______ contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus
diencephalon
The tiny _______ is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
hypothalamus
The _____ controls basic physiologic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
medulla
The _________ is involved in regulation of vision, hearing and body movement.
midbrain
The ________ (meaning “bridge”) connects the cerebellum to the medulla and is also involved in posture and movement, as well as sleep.
pons
Surrounding the thalamus, are the structures of the primitive brain, known collectively as the _________ system.
limbic
_________ is an acute alteration in cognition characterized by waxing and waning impairment of awareness, orientation and cognition.
Delirium
________ is sometimes confused with delirium but represents a chronic loss of brain function, particularly short term memory function.
Dementia
_________, a transient loss of consciousness associated with decreased brain perfusion, has many possible causes.
Syncope
Patients who report alterations in _______ (spacial orientation of one’s own body) and balance are usually able to give a history of such experiences.
proprioception
Patients who have vertigo lasting longer than 24 hours, accompanied by a loss of balance and difficulty maintaining their posture, standing, and walking are often to found to have a ___________.
cerebellar infarction
__________ vision changes (on the same side of the body as the headache) occur with temporal arteritis.
Ipsilateral
_______ refers to a loss of muscular control and coordination causing truncal instability, gait unsteadiness, abnormal eye movements, or difficulty with precision of movements.
Ataxia
A neurological insult that hinders speech, known as ________.
Expressive aphasia
__________ levels should be checked in every patient with any change in mental status.
Blood Glucose
A _______ is a blood clot o a cholesterol plaque that forms in an artery, occluding blood flow.
thrombus
An ______ is a clot or plaque that forms elsewhere in the circulatory system, breaks off, and obstructs blood flow when it becomes lodged in a smaller artery.
embolus
Ischemic stroke is much more _______ than hemorrhaging stroke.
common
A ________ mimics a stroke, but the symptoms resolve within 24 hours.
TIA
The _______ carotid arteries supply the brain with oxygenated blood.
internal
Only ____% of patients with intracranial hemorrhage regain full functional independence.
20
__________ hemorrhage should be suspected in any patient who describes a sudden, severe headache that came on like a thunderclap.
Subarachnoid
ICP may cause _________; systolic hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiratory pattern
Cushing’s Triad
______ is a general inflammation of the brain that causes focal or diffuse brain dysfunction.
Encephalitis
The mortality rate for encephalitis is up to ____%.
77
Acute deficiency of thiamine, or Vitamin B1, can cause a disorder known as ___________.
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
_______ can be classified as generalized or focal.
Seizures
