Chapter 5

Question 1

Any decrease in a person’s alertness, difficulty with cognition, or behavior that departs from what is normal for that person constitutes _____________.

Answer 1

altered mental status

Question 2

The brain represents only ____% of body weight.

Answer 2

2

Question 3

The __________, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, accounts for 98% of all neural tissues of the body.

Answer 3

Central Nervous System

Question 4

______ is a transparent, slightly yellowish fluid that acts as a shock absorber for the brain.

Answer 4

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 5

The innermost meninx, which attaches directly to the brain’s surface, is a delicate membrane called the _________.

Answer 5

pia mater

Question 6

The meshlike vascular network of this meninx resembles a cobweb, so it is known as the __________ membrane.

Answer 6

arachnoid

Question 7

The outermost meninx, which lines the cranial vault, contains arteries that supply the bones of the skull, and it is called the ___________.

Answer 7

dura mater

Question 8

The _________ space is between the dura mater and the skull.

Answer 8

epidural

Question 9

The _________ space is between the dura and the subarachnoid membranes.

Answer 9

subdural

Question 10

The brain can be divided into four main regions:

Answer 10

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
diencephalon

Question 11

The __________ comprises the cortex and the sub cortex.

Answer 11

cerebrum

Question 12

The left hemisphere, called the ______ brain is also responsible for reading, writing, math, and sequential and analytical tasks.

Answer 12

logical

Question 13

the right hemisphere, known as the ______ brain, interprets sensory information and processes, and spatial awareness.

Answer 13

creative

Question 14

The __________ coordinates movements, balance and posture.

Answer 14

cerebellum

Question 15

The ______ contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus

Answer 15

diencephalon

Question 16

The tiny _______ is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Answer 16

hypothalamus

Question 17

The _____ controls basic physiologic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Answer 17

medulla

Question 18

The _________ is involved in regulation of vision, hearing and body movement.

Answer 18

midbrain

Question 19

The ________ (meaning “bridge”) connects the cerebellum to the medulla and is also involved in posture and movement, as well as sleep.

Answer 19

pons

Question 20

Surrounding the thalamus, are the structures of the primitive brain, known collectively as the _________ system.

Answer 20

limbic

Question 21

_________ is an acute alteration in cognition characterized by waxing and waning impairment of awareness, orientation and cognition.

Answer 21

Delirium

Question 22

________ is sometimes confused with delirium but represents a chronic loss of brain function, particularly short term memory function.

Answer 22

Dementia

Question 23

_________, a transient loss of consciousness associated with decreased brain perfusion, has many possible causes.

Answer 23

Syncope

Question 24

Patients who report alterations in _______ (spacial orientation of one’s own body) and balance are usually able to give a history of such experiences.

Answer 24

proprioception

Question 25

Patients who have vertigo lasting longer than 24 hours, accompanied by a loss of balance and difficulty maintaining their posture, standing, and walking are often to found to have a ___________.

Answer 25

cerebellar infarction

Question 26

__________ vision changes (on the same side of the body as the headache) occur with temporal arteritis.

Answer 26

Ipsilateral

Question 27

_______ refers to a loss of muscular control and coordination causing truncal instability, gait unsteadiness, abnormal eye movements, or difficulty with precision of movements.

Answer 27

Ataxia

Question 28

A neurological insult that hinders speech, known as ________.

Answer 28

Expressive aphasia

Question 29

__________ levels should be checked in every patient with any change in mental status.

Answer 29

Blood Glucose

Question 30

A _______ is a blood clot o a cholesterol plaque that forms in an artery, occluding blood flow.

Answer 30

thrombus

Question 31

An ______ is a clot or plaque that forms elsewhere in the circulatory system, breaks off, and obstructs blood flow when it becomes lodged in a smaller artery.

Answer 31

embolus

Question 32

Ischemic stroke is much more _______ than hemorrhaging stroke.

Answer 32

common

Question 33

A ________ mimics a stroke, but the symptoms resolve within 24 hours.

Answer 33

TIA

Question 34

The _______ carotid arteries supply the brain with oxygenated blood.

Answer 34

internal

Question 35

Only ____% of patients with intracranial hemorrhage regain full functional independence.

Answer 35

20

Question 36

__________ hemorrhage should be suspected in any patient who describes a sudden, severe headache that came on like a thunderclap.

Answer 36

Subarachnoid

Question 37

ICP may cause _________; systolic hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiratory pattern

Answer 37

Cushing’s Triad

Question 38

______ is a general inflammation of the brain that causes focal or diffuse brain dysfunction.

Answer 38

Encephalitis

Question 39

The mortality rate for encephalitis is up to ____%.

Answer 39

77

Question 40

Acute deficiency of thiamine, or Vitamin B1, can cause a disorder known as ___________.

Answer 40

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

Question 41

_______ can be classified as generalized or focal.

Answer 41

Seizures