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AMLS > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

The syndrome-like symptoms of a class or group of similar poisonous agents are termed a toxic syndrome, or ___________.

A

toxidrome

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2
Q

_______, a state of unconsciousness or deep sedation from which the patient cannot be aroused by an external stimulus, is a common symptom of intoxication.

A

coma

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3
Q

CNS excitation can lead to____________.

A

seizures

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4
Q

In a toxicologic emergency, _______ may be caused directly by the drug effect, rather than by volume depletion.

A

tachycardia

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5
Q

A variety of plant and drug toxicities and chemical exposures can cause ____________.

A

bradycardia

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6
Q

One vital sign that is often overlooked or inaccurately recorded is _______.

A

respiratory rate

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7
Q

An increase in the depth of breathing is referred to as ________.

A

hyperpnea

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8
Q

More recently, _________, a vitamin B12 precursor, has been approved for the treatment of cyanide toxicity.

A

hydroxocobalamin

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9
Q

____________-related liver injury is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States, making it a far more common cause of liver failure than acute viral hepatitis.

A

acetaminophen

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10
Q

_________ (kidney damage) may occur with or without liver injury.

A

Nephrotoxicity

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11
Q

________ poisonings no antidote.

A

Salcylate

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12
Q

_________ are frequently prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, CAD, CHF, arrhythmia, migraine headache prophylaxis, and anxiety disorders.

A

Beta-Blockers

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13
Q

________ is often referred to as the antidote for beta-adrenergic toxicity.

A

Glucagon

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14
Q

In pancreatic cells, ______ influx triggers insulin release.

A

calcium

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15
Q

_______ work by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters, extending the duration of their action.

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

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16
Q

_______ is an agent used to treat bipolar disorder, also known as “manic-depressive” illness.

A

Lithium

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17
Q

______ is the active compound found in khat leaves, which are commonly chewed by people in Eastern Africa for their stimulant.

A

Cathinone

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18
Q

Individuals who ingest packets of drugs while evading police are commonly known as _________.

A

stuffers

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19
Q

_____, people who smuggle large amounts of drugs by ingesting them, require admission to the ICU when they are identified.

A

Packers

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20
Q

________ was used extensively to treat seizure disorders before the advent of newer anticonvulsants.

A

Phenobarbitol

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21
Q

_________ act primarily through GABA receptor binding

A

Barbituates

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22
Q

A ________ is a bolus of heroin and cocaine injected IV.

A

speed ball

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23
Q

_______ is structurally similar to opioids but has only antagonistic properties.

A

Naloxone

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24
Q

______ passes easily through the blood-brain barrier.

A

Ethanol

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25
Q

________ a cofactor needed to process ethanol, may be indicated after heavy alcohol us.

A

Thiamine

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26
Q

______, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana.

A

THC

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27
Q

_______ intoxication lasts about 8 - 12 hours, but the psychotic effects of the drug may persist for days.

A

LSD

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28
Q

_____ is a disassociate anesthetic with hallucinogenic properties.

A

PCP

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29
Q

Because _________ tastes sweet, it is more likely to be ingested accidentally and in larger quantities by children and pets.

A

Ethylene Glycol

30
Q

Isopropanol is quickly absorbed in the stomach and metabolized into _______.

A

acetone

31
Q

______ is used extensively in industry as a solvent and reagent.

A

Methanol

32
Q

______ is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of organic fuels.

A

Carbon monoxide

33
Q

In high concentrations, carbon monoxide is considered a ______ agent, meaning that it causes rapid toxicity and loss of consciousness.

A

knockdown

34
Q

A ________ chamber is roughly the size of a casket and can accommodate only one person at a time.

A

monoplace

35
Q

A _________ chamber is a small room in which several patients or providers can be treated at once.

A

multiplace

36
Q

Hyperbaric oxygen further decreases the half-life of carbon monoxide to roughly _____ minutes.

A

20

37
Q

The DOT defines a strong acid as a solution with a pH below _____.

A

2

38
Q

The DOT defines a strong base as a solution with a pH above ________.

A

12.5

39
Q

Mixing household bleach with an ammonia-based cleaner generates ________ gas.

A

chloramine

40
Q

Acids tend to produce necrosis by denaturing proteins, forming an eschar that limits the penetration of the acid, a process called _________.

A

coagulation necrosis

41
Q

____________ is a more penetrating injury in which cell membranes break down and dissolve, essentially forming soap.

A

Liquefactive necrosis

42
Q

Burns caused by ______ penetrate much deeper than the of most acids.

A

Hydroflouric Acid

43
Q

Elemental forms of lithium, potassium, sodium and magnesium react with water to form ______.

A

alkalis

44
Q

Compounds such as nitrites and nitrates, which can oxidize the iron in hemoglobin, cause the condition known as ___________.

A

methhemglobenia

45
Q

The antidotes for organophosphate poisoning are ________ and ________.

A

atropine

pralidoxime

46
Q

________ are a broad class of combustible or flammable liquids derived from oil.

A

Hydrocarbons

47
Q

Some hydrocarbon derivatives such as _______ possess anesthetic properties.

A

phenol

48
Q

Jellyfish, fire coral, and sea anemones inject toxins with stinging cells called ______.

A

nematocysts

49
Q

There are two families of poisonous snakes:

A

Crotalidae

Elapidae

50
Q

The venom of the ________ is a pernicious cocktail of at least 11 peptides that possess a variety of cytotoxic properties.

A

brown recluse

51
Q

In the US, nearly all snake envenomations can be attributed to the ______ family of snakes, the pit vipers.

A

Crotalidae

52
Q

All venom from spinous creatures is ________, which means that it is neutralized by heat.

A

heat labile

53
Q

________ is a cardiac glycoside heart medication derived from the foxglove plant.

A

Digitalis

54
Q

Common plants that contain digoxin-like glycoside toxins:

A 
Foxglove
Yellow Oleander
Lily of the Valley
Oleander
Red Squill
55
Q

A __________ is any substance that poses an unreasonable threat to health, safety, or the environment.

A

Hazardous Material

56
Q

________________ provides guidelines for the development of and compliance with safety protocols and procedures for governmental and nongovernmental personnel who make, store, or dispose of, or are first responders to clean up of Hazardous Materials

A

HAZWOPER

57
Q

A _________ is a diamond-shaped sign affixed to a transport vehicle.

A

placard

58
Q

Poison Control #:

A

1-800-222-1222

59
Q

CHEMTREC #:

A

1-800-424-9300

60
Q

CANUTEC #:

A

1-613-996-6666

61
Q

The oral or dermal exposure dose that kills 50% of the exposed animal population in 2 week’s time:

A

LD50

62
Q

The air concentration of a substance that kills 50% of the exposed animal population.

A

LC50

63
Q

For medication administration, the _____ route offers the fastest rate of absorption compared with IM and SQ routes.

A

IV

64
Q

The ____________ must be notified of all suspected terrorist attacks.

A

Department of Homeland Security

65
Q

Filoviruses, flaviviruses, and arena viruses can all be categorized as _________.

A

viral hemorrhagic fevers

66
Q

Absorbed ionizing radiation is expressed in units called _______.

A

rads

67
Q

______ particles do not generally pass through the skin.

A

Alpha

68
Q

_______ particles are smaller and faster than alpha particles and thus can travel farther.

A

Beta

69
Q

_______ rays are photons emitted from the nucleus of an atom.

A

Gamma

70
Q

One of the most common asphyxiates is ________, which carries the military designation AC.

A

Hydrogen cyanide

71
Q

The most toxic nerve agents in chemical warfare are _______.

A

nerve agents

72
Q

____ is the most common V-agent.

A

VX

AMLS (10 decks)

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