Chapter 8

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

persistent learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of info

Question 2

measures of retention

Answer 2

recall, recognition, relearning

Question 3

recall

Answer 3

retrieving info that is not currently in your conscious awareness but was learned at an earlier time

Question 4

recognition

Answer 4

identifying items previously learned

Question 5

relearning

Answer 5

learning something more quickly when you learn it for the 2nd time or a later time

Question 6

working memory

Answer 6

newer understanding of short term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial info and of info retrieved from long term memory

Question 7

explicit memories

Answer 7

the memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know

Question 8

implicit memories

Answer 8

retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection

Question 9

iconic memories

Answer 9

momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli, a picture image memory (lasts 1/10 of a second)

Question 10

echoic memories

Answer 10

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Question 11

2 processing levels

Answer 11

shallow

deep

Question 12

shallow

Answer 12

encoding on a basuc level based on the structure or appearance of words

Question 13

deep

Answer 13

encoding sematically based on the meaning of the words

yields best retention

Question 14

our capacity for storing long-term memory is essentially…

Answer 14

limitless

Question 15

2 conscious memory systems

Answer 15

sematic and episodic

Question 16

sematic

Answer 16

explicit memory of facts and general knowledge

Question 17

episodic

Answer 17

personally experienced events

Question 18

the cerebellum plays an important role in what

Answer 18

forming and storing implicit memories created by classical conditioning

Question 19

basal ganglia

Answer 19

deep brain structures involved in motor movement facillitate formation of our procedural memories for skills

Question 20

flashbulb memories

Answer 20

clear memory of emotionally significant moments or events, occur via emotion triggered horomonal changes and rehearsal

Question 21

in mood-congruent memory the tendency to recall experiences that are

Answer 21

consistent with ones current good or bad moods

Question 22

antergrade amnesia

Answer 22

inability to form new memories

Question 23

retrograde amnesia

Answer 23

inability to retrieve memories from the past

Question 24

2 types of interference

Answer 24

proactive

retractive

Question 25

proactive

Answer 25

forward acting

occurs when prior learning disrupts recall of new info

Question 26

retractive

Answer 26

backward acting

new learning disrupts recall of older info

Question 27

misinformation effect

Answer 27

a memory has been corrupted by misleading info

Question 28

source amnesia

Answer 28

attributing to the wrong source or event we experience, heard of, read of, or imagined

Question 29

sense that you’ve experienced something before

Answer 29

deja vu

Question 30

cognition

Answer 30

all the mentall activity associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

Question 31

mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people that helps to simplify thinking is known as

Answer 31

concepts

Question 32

three strategies that assist with problem solving

Answer 32

algarithm
heuristic
insight

Question 33

fixation may prevent us from what

Answer 33

taking a fresh perpective that could lead to a solution

Question 34

occurs when we cling to beliefs and ignore evidence that proves them wrong

Answer 34

belief perserverence

Question 35

this can sway decision and judgements also the way we present an issue

Answer 35

framing