Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

memory

A

persistent learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of info

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2
Q

measures of retention

A

recall, recognition, relearning

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3
Q

recall

A

retrieving info that is not currently in your conscious awareness but was learned at an earlier time

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4
Q

recognition

A

identifying items previously learned

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5
Q

relearning

A

learning something more quickly when you learn it for the 2nd time or a later time

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6
Q

working memory

A

newer understanding of short term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial info and of info retrieved from long term memory

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7
Q

explicit memories

A

the memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know

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8
Q

implicit memories

A

retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection

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9
Q

iconic memories

A

momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli, a picture image memory (lasts 1/10 of a second)

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10
Q

echoic memories

A

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

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11
Q

2 processing levels

A

shallow

deep

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12
Q

shallow

A

encoding on a basuc level based on the structure or appearance of words

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13
Q

deep

A

encoding sematically based on the meaning of the words

yields best retention

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14
Q

our capacity for storing long-term memory is essentially…

A

limitless

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15
Q

2 conscious memory systems

A

sematic and episodic

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16
Q

sematic

A

explicit memory of facts and general knowledge

17
Q

episodic

A

personally experienced events

18
Q

the cerebellum plays an important role in what

A

forming and storing implicit memories created by classical conditioning

19
Q

basal ganglia

A

deep brain structures involved in motor movement facillitate formation of our procedural memories for skills

20
Q

flashbulb memories

A

clear memory of emotionally significant moments or events, occur via emotion triggered horomonal changes and rehearsal

21
Q

in mood-congruent memory the tendency to recall experiences that are

A

consistent with ones current good or bad moods

22
Q

antergrade amnesia

A

inability to form new memories

23
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

inability to retrieve memories from the past

24
Q

2 types of interference

A

proactive

retractive

25
Q

proactive

A

forward acting

occurs when prior learning disrupts recall of new info

26
Q

retractive

A

backward acting

new learning disrupts recall of older info

27
Q

misinformation effect

A

a memory has been corrupted by misleading info

28
Q

source amnesia

A

attributing to the wrong source or event we experience, heard of, read of, or imagined

29
Q

sense that you’ve experienced something before

A

deja vu

30
Q

cognition

A

all the mentall activity associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

31
Q

mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people that helps to simplify thinking is known as

A

concepts

32
Q

three strategies that assist with problem solving

A

algarithm
heuristic
insight

33
Q

fixation may prevent us from what

A

taking a fresh perpective that could lead to a solution

34
Q

occurs when we cling to beliefs and ignore evidence that proves them wrong

A

belief perserverence

35
Q

this can sway decision and judgements also the way we present an issue

A

framing