Chapter 10 Flashcards
instinct theory
focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors
arousal theory
focuses on finding the right levels of stimulation
complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
instinct
drive reduction theory
a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
the tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
homeostasis
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
incentive
affiliation need
the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups is
Ostracism
the desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas; for control and for attaining a high standard is
Achievement motivation
in the physiology of hunger, the basal metabolic rate is?
the body’s resisting rate of energy expenditure
appetite hormones related to hunger
- Leptin
- Orexin
**body cues and environmental factors influence
what?**
taste preferences
5 situational influences you may have noticed but underestimated
- arousing appetite (eating in living room while watching TV rather than kitchen)
- Friends and food (typically eat more when with friends)
- Serving size is significant (putting one thing on your plate at a time)
- Selections stimulate (what your options are)
- nudging nutrition (dieting and sticking to it)
2 things obesity has been associated with
- Lower psychological well-being, especially among women
- Increased depression
mostly determine why one person today is heavier than another
genes
mostly determines why people today are heavier than their counterparts of 50 years ago
environment
emotions are a mix of what?
bodily arousal, conscious experience
spillover effect
- spillover arousal from one event to the next
- influence a response
Carroll Izzard isolated 10 basic emotions that include physiology and expressive behavior name the 10 expressive behaviors
joy, interest-excitement, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt
facial feedback effect
the tendency of the facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
Leptin
- a protein hormone secreted by fat cells
- when abundant, causes the brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger
Orexin
-hunger triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus
