Chapter 12 Flashcards
what do social psychologists do?
- Use scientific methods to study how people think about, influence, and relate to one another
- study the social influences that explain why the same person will act differently in different situation
what is the fundamental attribution error?
overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate the effects of the situation
In discussing attitudes and actions, we reviewed 2 specific routes of persuasion. The peripheral route occurs when?
people are influenced by incidental cues
**explain the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
people agreeing to a small request will find it easier to agree later to a larger one
**We act to reduce the discomfort when 2 of our thoughts are inconsistent. What is this called?
Cognitive dissonance theory
Automatic mimicry
behavior is contagious
helps people to empathize
the more we mimic the greater our empathy an the more people tend to like us
**adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard is called
conformity
Solomon Ach’s 1955 experiment on conformity showed that people fear what, and will often conform with other group members, even though they do not agree with the group decision
feared being the “oddball”
influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Normative social influence
influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions as the new info
Informational social influence
Presence of others arouse people, improving performance on easy or well-learned tasks but decreasing it on difficult ones is the definition of?
(overall feeling better around another person)
Social facilitation
What is the home advantage in social facilitation?
for team sports, doing something well in front of a friendly audience
What is the crowding effect in social facilitation?
performers know that a “good house” is a full one.
**What is social loafing?
the tendency for people in a group exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
Three causes of social loafing
- ) Acting as a part of a group and feeling less accountable
- ) Feelings individual contribution doesn’t matter and is indispensable
- ) Slacking off, or free riding on others’ efforts which is especially common when there is lack of identification with the group
Loss of self-awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Deindividualization
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionall is know as
Aggression
**two examples of aggression
passing along vicious rumors
bullying/cyber bullying
physical attack
**proximity
geographical nearness - is friendships most powerful predictor
**3 parts to physical attractiveness
affects first impression
predicts frequency of dating and popularity
influenced by cultural ideals and personal feelings
**this includes shared attitudes, beliefs, interests, age, religion, education, intelligence, smoking behavior, and economic status
Similarity
reward theory of attraction
holds that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us, including those who are both able and willing to help us achieve our goals
**companionate love
deep, affectionate attachment
unselfish concern for the welfare of others
altruism
**The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
bystander effect
**2 reasons why we help. The social responsibility norm focuses on what?
Reciprocity norm (you help me I help you) social responsibility norm ( expectation to help those who depend on you)
