Chapter 14 Flashcards
psychological disorder
are marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition. emotion regulation, or behavior
With the medical model of disorders…
mental illness is to be diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and treated through therapy, often in a psychiatric hospital
Depression and schizophrenia occur…?
worldwide
diagnostic classification in psychiatry and psychology attempts to…
predict the disorders future course
suggest appropriate treatment
prompt research into its causes
the most common tool for classifying disorders is the…
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
in its fifth edition
The incidence of serious psychological disorders is doubles, conditions, and experiences associated with poverty contribute to the development of psychological disorders and some disorders such as schizophrenia can drive people into poverty the correlation goes both ways. These all fall under what being a risk factor?
poverty
Under anxiety disorders, what is generalized anxiety disorder?
person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy
Under anxiety disorders what is panic disorder?
person experiences panic attacks, sudden episodes of intense dread, an fears the next episodes unpredictable onset
Under anxiety disorders what is a phobia?
person is intensely and irrationally afraid of a specific object, activity, or situation
Under anxiety disorders what is OCD?
characterized by persistent and repetitive thoughts (obsession), actions (compulsions), or both
occur when behaviors persistently interfere with everyday life and cause distress
more common among teens and young adults than older people
strong genetic basis
Under anxiety disorders what is PTSD?
characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience
3 things disorders effect
genetic predispositions and psychological states
psychological dynamics
social and cultural circumstances
what is major depressive disorder?
depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure
what is bipolar disorder?
a person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
bounces from one emotional extreme to the other
under suicide and self-injury, worldwide, ____ people annually take their own lives
800,000
bipolar disorder is ____ common than major depressive disorder but often ____ dysfunctional
more
less
at least a ____ higher risk for suicide with a diagnosis of depression, and ironically it may especially occur when people are beginning to rebound
5 times
this is more likely to occur when people feel disconnected from or burden others, or when they feel defeated and trapped by an inescapable situation
suicide and self-injury
nonsuicidal self-injury includes?
cutting, burning, hitting, inserting objects in nails or skin, self-administered tattooing
painful but not fatal
name 5 reasons that people engage in NSSI
gain relief from negative thoughts ask for help and gain attention relieve guilt get others to change their negative behavior (bullying or criticism) fit in with peer group
what does schizophrenia mean?
- psychological disorder charcterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
- means split (schizo) mind (phrenia)
- a chief example of a psychotic disorder
what is a psychotic disorder?
marked by irrationality, distorted perceptions, and lost contact with reality
what is disturbed perception?
seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling, things that exist only in the mind
what is disorganized thinking and speech?
delusions: false beliefs
may have paranoid tendencies
what are diminished and inappropriate emotions?
flat affect: emotionless, a state of no apparent feeling
impaired theory of mind: difficulty reading other peoples’ facial emotions and state of mind
inappropriate motor behavior, with motionless catatonia or senseless compulsive actions
what form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood?
chronic
what is a dissociative disorder?
controversial, rare disorders in which concious awareness becomes seperated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
what is dissociative identity disorder (DID)
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternating personalities
what is a personality disorder?
inflexible and enduring behavior pattern that impair social functioning
personality disorders have 3 clusters that include?
anxiety
eccentric or odd behaviors
dramatic or impulse behaviors
a person with antisocial personality disorder displays?
lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family
impulsive, fearless, irresponsible
what is anorexia nervosa?
maintains starvation diet despite being significantly underwight
what is bulimia nervosa?
alterantes between binge eating with purging, sometimes followed by fatsing or excessive exercise
what is binge eating disorder?
binging, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa
