Chapter 14

Question 1

psychological disorder

Answer 1

are marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition. emotion regulation, or behavior

Question 2

With the medical model of disorders…

Answer 2

mental illness is to be diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and treated through therapy, often in a psychiatric hospital

Question 3

Depression and schizophrenia occur…?

Answer 3

worldwide

Question 4

diagnostic classification in psychiatry and psychology attempts to…

Answer 4

predict the disorders future course
suggest appropriate treatment
prompt research into its causes

Question 5

the most common tool for classifying disorders is the…

Answer 5

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

in its fifth edition

Question 6

The incidence of serious psychological disorders is doubles, conditions, and experiences associated with poverty contribute to the development of psychological disorders and some disorders such as schizophrenia can drive people into poverty the correlation goes both ways. These all fall under what being a risk factor?

Answer 6

poverty

Question 7

Under anxiety disorders, what is generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer 7

person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy

Question 8

Under anxiety disorders what is panic disorder?

Answer 8

person experiences panic attacks, sudden episodes of intense dread, an fears the next episodes unpredictable onset

Question 9

Under anxiety disorders what is a phobia?

Answer 9

person is intensely and irrationally afraid of a specific object, activity, or situation

Question 10

Under anxiety disorders what is OCD?

Answer 10

characterized by persistent and repetitive thoughts (obsession), actions (compulsions), or both
occur when behaviors persistently interfere with everyday life and cause distress
more common among teens and young adults than older people
strong genetic basis

Question 11

Under anxiety disorders what is PTSD?

Answer 11

characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Question 12

3 things disorders effect

Answer 12

genetic predispositions and psychological states
psychological dynamics
social and cultural circumstances

Question 13

what is major depressive disorder?

Answer 13

depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure

Question 14

what is bipolar disorder?

Answer 14

a person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
bounces from one emotional extreme to the other

Question 15

under suicide and self-injury, worldwide, ____ people annually take their own lives

Answer 15

800,000

Question 16

bipolar disorder is ____ common than major depressive disorder but often ____ dysfunctional

Answer 16

more

less

Question 17

at least a ____ higher risk for suicide with a diagnosis of depression, and ironically it may especially occur when people are beginning to rebound

Answer 17

5 times

Question 18

this is more likely to occur when people feel disconnected from or burden others, or when they feel defeated and trapped by an inescapable situation

Answer 18

suicide and self-injury

Question 19

nonsuicidal self-injury includes?

Answer 19

cutting, burning, hitting, inserting objects in nails or skin, self-administered tattooing
painful but not fatal

Question 20

name 5 reasons that people engage in NSSI

Answer 20

gain relief from negative thoughts
ask for help and gain attention
relieve guilt
get others to change their negative behavior (bullying or criticism)
fit in with peer group

Question 21

what does schizophrenia mean?

Answer 21

• psychological disorder charcterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
• means split (schizo) mind (phrenia)
• a chief example of a psychotic disorder

Question 22

what is a psychotic disorder?

Answer 22

marked by irrationality, distorted perceptions, and lost contact with reality

Question 23

what is disturbed perception?

Answer 23

seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling, things that exist only in the mind

Question 24

what is disorganized thinking and speech?

Answer 24

delusions: false beliefs

may have paranoid tendencies

Question 25

what are diminished and inappropriate emotions?

Answer 25

flat affect: emotionless, a state of no apparent feeling
impaired theory of mind: difficulty reading other peoples’ facial emotions and state of mind
inappropriate motor behavior, with motionless catatonia or senseless compulsive actions

Question 26

what form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood?

Answer 26

chronic

Question 27

what is a dissociative disorder?

Answer 27

controversial, rare disorders in which concious awareness becomes seperated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 28

what is dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 28

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternating personalities

Question 29

what is a personality disorder?

Answer 29

inflexible and enduring behavior pattern that impair social functioning

Question 30

personality disorders have 3 clusters that include?

Answer 30

anxiety
eccentric or odd behaviors
dramatic or impulse behaviors

Question 31

a person with antisocial personality disorder displays?

Answer 31

lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family
impulsive, fearless, irresponsible

Question 32

what is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 32

maintains starvation diet despite being significantly underwight

Question 33

what is bulimia nervosa?

Answer 33

alterantes between binge eating with purging, sometimes followed by fatsing or excessive exercise

Question 34

what is binge eating disorder?

Answer 34

binging, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa