Chapter 8

Question 1

A lethal mutation is one which

Answer 1

causes the death of the organism

Question 2

What type of mutation does not affect the offspring?

Answer 2

somatic mutation

Question 3

Down syndrome is usually caused by

Answer 3

one too many chromosomes

Question 4

Inbreeding is to breeds as crossbreeding is to

Answer 4

hybrids

Question 5

To develop a new breed of dog, a man selects and mates dogs from different breeds that have the characteristics he wants in the new breed. This breeding is an example of

Answer 5

crossbreeding

Question 6

Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
embryo splitting
identical twins
asexual reproduction
hybrids

Answer 6

hybrids

Question 7

Splitting frog or cattle embryos is a step in

Answer 7

cloning

Question 8

Fraternal twins

Answer 8

have the same parents but not the same genes

Question 9

Genetic engineering

Answer 9

could be used for good or evil

Question 10

The Human Genome Project is a scientific effort to

Answer 10

map all human genes

Question 11

any change in an organism’s genetic material

Answer 11

mutation

Question 12

a mutation that causes the death of the organism

Answer 12

lethal mutation

Question 13

a mutation that changes the sequence of bases in a gene

Answer 13

gene mutation

Question 14

has the gene but not the disease

Answer 14

carrier

Question 15

a mutation that occurs in a gamete or gamete-forming cell

Answer 15

germ mutation

Question 16

a mutation in a cell that does not produce gametes

Answer 16

somatic mutation

Question 17

a change involving the number of chromosomes in a cell or the arrangement of genes on a chromosome

Answer 17

chromosomal change

Question 18

having two sets of chromosomes

Answer 18

diploid

Question 19

characteristic referring to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

Answer 19

ploidy

Question 20

twins that develop from a single zygote

Answer 20

identical twins

Question 21

Mutations occurring in cells that do not produce gametes are called ____________ mutations.

Answer 21

somatic

Question 22

An Old Testament patriarch who practiced selective breeding techniques to increase his wages was ________

Answer 22

Jacob

Question 23

Cloning is a form of __________ reproduction.

Answer 23

asexual

Question 24

caused by a mutation that affects pigments

Answer 24

albinism

Question 25

the choosing of organisms with desirable traits for breeding

Answer 25

selective breeding

Question 26

a group of organisms that are purebred for a desired characteristic

Answer 26

breed

Question 27

the mating of an organism with close relative

Answer 27

inbreeding

Question 28

another name for hybridization

Answer 28

crossbreeding

Question 29

the condition in which an offspring is stronger than its parents

Answer 29

hybrid vigor

Question 30

the use of special techniques to control the genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 30

genetic engineering

Question 31

a group of genetically identical organisms produced by asexual reproduction

Answer 31

clones

Question 32

the result of a pregnancy in which two sperm unite with two different eggs and form two genetically unique organisms

Answer 32

fraternal twins

Question 33

a complete set of an organism’s genes

Answer 33

genome

Question 34

True or False

Mutations can happen at any time

Answer 34

True

Question 35

True or False

Mutations are seldom considered harmful because some cause so little damage as to be unnoticeable.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

True or False

Sometimes mutations do not appear to affect an organism at all

Answer 36

True

Question 37

True or False

Some people are carriers of dominant disorders but do not have the disorder themselves.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

True or False

Most livestock breeders are self-trained and do not need a college education

Answer 38

False

Question 39

True or False

Man has used genetic principles for thousands of years without understanding how they work

Answer 39

True

Question 40

True or False

Inbreeding attempts to preserve the special characteristics of a breed.

Answer 40

True