Chapter 8 Flashcards
A lethal mutation is one which
causes the death of the organism
What type of mutation does not affect the offspring?
somatic mutation
Down syndrome is usually caused by
one too many chromosomes
Inbreeding is to breeds as crossbreeding is to
hybrids
To develop a new breed of dog, a man selects and mates dogs from different breeds that have the characteristics he wants in the new breed. This breeding is an example of
crossbreeding
Which of the following does not belong with the other three? embryo splitting identical twins asexual reproduction hybrids
hybrids
Splitting frog or cattle embryos is a step in
cloning
Fraternal twins
have the same parents but not the same genes
Genetic engineering
could be used for good or evil
The Human Genome Project is a scientific effort to
map all human genes
any change in an organism’s genetic material
mutation
a mutation that causes the death of the organism
lethal mutation
a mutation that changes the sequence of bases in a gene
gene mutation
has the gene but not the disease
carrier
a mutation that occurs in a gamete or gamete-forming cell
germ mutation
a mutation in a cell that does not produce gametes
somatic mutation
a change involving the number of chromosomes in a cell or the arrangement of genes on a chromosome
chromosomal change
having two sets of chromosomes
diploid
characteristic referring to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
ploidy
twins that develop from a single zygote
identical twins
Mutations occurring in cells that do not produce gametes are called ____________ mutations.
somatic
An Old Testament patriarch who practiced selective breeding techniques to increase his wages was ________
Jacob
Cloning is a form of __________ reproduction.
asexual
caused by a mutation that affects pigments
albinism
the choosing of organisms with desirable traits for breeding
selective breeding
a group of organisms that are purebred for a desired characteristic
breed
the mating of an organism with close relative
inbreeding
another name for hybridization
crossbreeding
the condition in which an offspring is stronger than its parents
hybrid vigor
the use of special techniques to control the genetic makeup of an organism
genetic engineering
a group of genetically identical organisms produced by asexual reproduction
clones
the result of a pregnancy in which two sperm unite with two different eggs and form two genetically unique organisms
fraternal twins
a complete set of an organism’s genes
genome
True or False
Mutations can happen at any time
True
True or False
Mutations are seldom considered harmful because some cause so little damage as to be unnoticeable.
False
True or False
Sometimes mutations do not appear to affect an organism at all
True
True or False
Some people are carriers of dominant disorders but do not have the disorder themselves.
False
True or False
Most livestock breeders are self-trained and do not need a college education
False
True or False
Man has used genetic principles for thousands of years without understanding how they work
True
True or False
Inbreeding attempts to preserve the special characteristics of a breed.
True
