Chapter 10

Question 1

Used generally, the term evolution refers to

Answer 1

The changing of a thing to become improved or more complex

Question 2

The argument that building your muscles will not cause your children to have big muscles could be used to refute

Answer 2

Lamarck

Question 3

According to De Vries, the organism capable of the most evolution

Answer 3

mutates easily

Question 4

Of all the gene mutations man has observed in organisms, the vast majority are

Answer 4

harmful

Question 5

True or False:

In Darwin’s theory of natural selection he made the point that the embryos of many organisms appear to be similar

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Where can you find a complete and uninterrupted fossil record?

Answer 6

nowhere

Question 7

The gradual change of one kind of organism into another

Answer 7

biological evolution

Question 8

Changes in an organism’s genetic makeup account for evolutionary changes

Answer 8

evolution-mutation theory

Question 9

Cutting off the tails of many generations of mice disproved this theory

Answer 9

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 10

A genetic change that can be passed down to offspring

Answer 10

germ mutation

Question 11

A genetic change that cannot affect offspring

Answer 11

somatic mutation

Question 12

The ship Darwin sailed on

Answer 12

HMS Beagle

Question 13

The idea that the environment destroys organisms that are less able than others to live in the environment

Answer 13

theory of natural selection

Question 14

a theory that is also known as Neo-Darwinism

Answer 14

mutation-selection theory

Question 15

an organism that evolutionists claim has different groups of organisms as its offspring

Answer 15

common ancestor

Question 16

an organism that probably never existed but is needed to fill out the evolutionary path of other organisms

Answer 16

missing link

Question 17

a record of past living things

Answer 17

fossil record

Question 18

an extinct bird

Answer 18

Archaeopteryx

Question 19

The theory that organisms change to a darker color because human activity causes their surroundings to become darker

Answer 19

industrial melanism

Question 20

islands where Darwin observed animals

Answer 20

Galapagos

Question 21

a diagram demonstrating the supposed stages of biological evolution

Answer 21

evolutionary family tree

Question 22

similar structures that evolutionists say are best explained by common ancestry

Answer 22

homologous structures

Question 23

the modern animal that supposedly descended from Pakicetus and Ambulocetus

Answer 23

whale

Question 24

Name two animals Darwin observed

Answer 24

finches and tortoises

Question 25

Did the island tortoises that Darwin observed change to another kind of organism?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

True or False:

Natural selection is often described as being very much like selective breeding

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False:

Natural selection works only for characteristics already in existence

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or False:

Through biological evolution, the Padaung people of Burma have grown some very long necks.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

True or False:

The term survival of the fittest is most closely associated with the theories of De Vries

Answer 29

False

Question 30

True or False:

Using special equipment and controlled conditions, some scientists have created living cells from nonliving materials

Answer 30

False