Chapter 6 Flashcards
Before a cell divides, it makes a copy of its genes during
interphase
The two stages of cell division are
mitosis and cytokinesis
When all the genes of a chromosome have duplicated but are still attached, the structures that are formed are called
sister chromatids
In mitosis the chromosomes are lined up at the center of the spindle during
metaphase
Asexual reproduction is reproduction by
mitotic cell division
A cell surrounded by a protective covering is a
spore
by what process does sexual reproduction copy genetic information?
meiosis
The new cell that forms from the union of two gametes is called
a zygote
A cell or an organism that has two of each kind of its chromosomes is
diploid
Three examples of nucleotides are
phosphate, sugar, base
The four bases in a DNA molecule are
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Genes are sections of
DNA
Which of following never contains the code for the sequence of amino acids needed to manufacture a protein? mRNA tRNA DNA chromosome
tRNA
What carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes?
messenger RNA
True or False
Cytokinesis is the division of a cell’s cytoplasm and organelles.
True
True or False
During cell division it is important that each new cell get exactly the same amount of cytoplasm and the same number of organelles
False
True or False
The cells of human skin may go through mitotic cell division several times a day
True
True or False
Regeneration takes place through the process of cell division
True
True or False
An organism can reproduce sexually or asexually but not both
False
True or False
Watson and Crick worked out a model of DNA
True
True or False
In the DNA molecule, adenine always pairs with thymine.
True
True or False
RNA is a double-sided chain that looks something like a twisted ladder.
False
True or False
In the RNA molecule, uracil always pairs with cytosine
False
True or False
Protein synthesis occurs at ribosomes
True
List the four phases of mitosis in the order in which they occur
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What do oncologists research?
cancer
How many cells are present at the end of meiosis?
four
Be able to label images of the following phases of mitosis (anaphase, prophase and telophase)
see page 81
Be able to label the spindle and the chromatids in images of mitosis
see page 81
A group of three nucleotides
codon
the basic unit of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base
nucleotide
the process of forming two DNA molecules from one
replication
the process of forming mRNA from DNA
transcription
the process of putting amino acids together in a specific sequence
protein synthesis
