Chapter 8

Question 1

antithrombin

Answer 1

human protein which is isolated from transgentic goat’s milk
prevents blood from clotting improperly
inactivates enzymes that promote blood clotting
produced by cells in the live and released into the blood

Question 2

genetic engineering

Answer 2

the process of assembling new genes with novel combinations of regulatory and coding sequences
scientists have used this technology to clone entire animals

Question 3

recombinant gene

Answer 3

genetically engineered gene

Question 4

“pharming”

Answer 4

using GMOs animals to manufacture therapeutic drugs

Question 5

genotype

Answer 5

the genes that make up an organism

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

he expression of an organism’s genotype

Question 7

transgenic animals

Answer 7

animals that carry one or more genes from a different species
GMOs
trans=across

Question 8

gene therapy

Answer 8

replacing defective genes with functional genes

treatment that aims to cure human disease by replacing defective genes with functional ones

Question 9

beta casein gene

Answer 9

milk protein gene in goats

Question 10

GMO

Answer 10

gentically modified organism

an organism that has been genetically altered by humans

Question 11

protein 3D shape

Answer 11

dependent on amino acid sequence

Question 12

hybrid gene

Answer 12

has 2 parts (i.e. part goat part human) genetically engineered recombinant gene

Question 13

surrogate mother

Answer 13

used to implant in genetically modified organisms

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

segment of DNA that contains instructions to make at least one protein

Question 15

messenger RNA

Answer 15

the RNA copy of an original DNA sequence made during transcription

Question 16

codon

Answer 16

a sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid

Question 17

amino acids

Answer 17

the sequence of them makes proteins unique building block, or monomer, of a protein
20 of them
bind together in linear chains to make proteins
makes the protein unique