Chapter 11 Flashcards
diploid
having two copies of every chromosome
these organisms carry two copies of each chromosome in their body cells
haploid
having only one copy of every chromosome
sex cells in humans
meiosis
specialized type of nuclear division that generates genetically unique haploid gametes
halves the number of chromosomes from 46 to 23
zygote
fertilized egg
has 23 chromosomes from the egg
diploid
combo of haploid sperm fertilizing a haploid egg
carries 2 copies of every gene on 46 chromosomes
somatic cells
body cells
all cells other than sex cells
CTFR gene
gene that when mutated, caused cystic fibrosis
independent assortment
the principle that alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during meiosis
not as a package
2^n possible arrangements (n=haploid number)
dominant allele
allele that can mask the presence of a recessive allele (A=normal)
recessive allele
allele that reveals itself in the phenotype only if a masking dominant allele is not present (a=cystic fibrosis)
carrier
individual who is heterozygous for a particular gene of interest, & therefore can pass on the recessive allele without showing any of its effects
testis
where sperm is located
ovary
where eggs are located
homozygous
having two identical alleles
genotype
particular genetic makeup of an individual
heterozygous
having two different alleles
