Chapter 5 Flashcards
unsaturated fat
plant fat
liquid at room-temperature
(i.e. olive oil)
triglycerides
type of lipid found in fat cells that stores excess energy for long-term use
trans fat
type of vegetable fat that has bee hydrogenated (hydrogen atoms have been added)
solid at room temperature
saturated fat
animal fat
solid at room temperature
(i.e. butter)
obesity
having 20% more body fat than is recommended for one’s height
measured by a body mass index equal to or greater than 30
citric acid cycle
set of reactions that takes palace in mitochondria and helps extract energy (in the form of high energy electrons) from food
2nd stage of aerobic respiration
calorie
amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree
aerobic respriation
series of reactions that in the presence of oxygen and converts energy stored in food into ATP
fermentation
series of chemical reactions that take place in the absence of oxygen and converts some of the energy stored in food into ATP
produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration
electron transport
process that takes place in mitochondria and produces the bulk of ATP during aerobic respiration
3rd stage of aerobic respiration
NAD+/NADH
electron carrier
can accept electrons, becoming NADH in the process
Calorie
kCal=kilocalorie
1000 calories
common unit of energy based in food nutrition labels
glycolysis
series of reactions that break down sugar into smaller units
takes places in the cytoplasm that its two first stage of both aerobic respiration and fermentation
BMI
bod mass index
for estimate of body fat based on height and weight
glycogen
complex animal cabohydrate made up of linked chains of glycose molecules
stores energy for short-termed use
