Chapter 2

Question 1

polysaccharide

Answer 1

multiple-linked sugars {polymer}

Question 2

glucose

Answer 2

primary source of energy for cells

Question 3

chitin

Answer 3

a complex polysaccharide that forms the exoskeleton of arthropods

Question 4

cellulose

Answer 4

complex polysacchride that forms plant cell walls

Question 5

virus

Answer 5

infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information

Question 6

solvent

Answer 6

substance in which other substances can dissolve (i.e. water)

Question 7

solute

Answer 7

dissolved substance

Question 8

proton

Answer 8

positively charged

found in nucleus

Question 9

protein

Answer 9

organic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits
provide structural support for cells
involved in cell motility
require a special 3D shape to function properly

Question 10

macromolecule

Answer 10

large organic molecules that make up living organisms

i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 11

inorganic molecule

Answer 11

a molecule without a carbon-based backbone and C-H bonds (i.e. CO2)

Question 12

homeostatis

Answer 12

maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment, even when the external environment changes
i.e. sweating, drinking water, winter hair

Question 13

covalent bond

Answer 13

strong bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms

Question 14

atom

Answer 14

smallest unit of an element

all life is based on the element carbon

Question 15

prion

Answer 15

infectious agent made up only of protein

Question 16

ion

Answer 16

electrically charged atom

charge results from the loss or gain of electrons

Question 17

polymer

Answer 17

molecule made up of individual subunits, called monomers, linked together in a chain

Question 18

hydrophilic

Answer 18

“water-loving”

dissolves in water

Question 19

polar molecule

Answer 19

a molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms, causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other end (i.e. water)

Question 20

element

Answer 20

substances that can’t be broken down by chemical means into smaller substances

Question 21

phospholipids

Answer 21

type of lipid that forms the cell membrane

Question 22

carbohydrate

Answer 22

one or more sugar molecules

functions: energy storage, structural support in cells

Question 23

pH

Answer 23

a measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution

Question 24

adhension

Answer 24

water molecules sticking to other surfaces through hydrogen bonding

Question 25

organic molecules

Answer 25

a molecule with a carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond (i.e. glucose)

Question 26

lipid

Answer 26

organic molecules that generally repel water

Question 27

nucleus

Answer 27

core of an atom | protons and neutrons

Question 28

ionic bond

Answer 28

a strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ion formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

Question 29

nucleotide

Answer 29

building block, or monomer, of a nucleic acid

Question 30

hydrophobic

Answer 30

"water fearing" | will not dissolve in water

Question 31

nucleic acid

Answer 31

organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits | i.e. DNA and RNA

Question 32

hydrogen bond

Answer 32

weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge

Question 33

neutron

Answer 33

no charge | found in nucleus of an atom

Question 34

energy

Answer 34

the ability to do work including building complex molecules

Question 35

monosaccharide

Answer 35

one sugar, building block or monomer of a carbohydrate

Question 36

electron

Answer 36

negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass

Question 37

monomer

Answer 37

one chemical subunit of a polymer

Question 38

cohesion

Answer 38

water molecules sticking to water molecules through hydrogen bonding

Question 39

molecule

Answer 39

atoms linked by covalent bonds

Question 40

base

Answer 40

a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions

Question 41

metabolism

Answer 41

chemical reactions convert the food energy into usable energy

Question 42

amino acid

Answer 42

building block, or monomer, of a protein | linked by peptide bonds to make the polymers of amino acids

Question 43

matter

Answer 43

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 44

acid

Answer 44

substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions