Chapter 8 Flashcards
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| V_______ _______
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| V replication/ nucleus
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| DNA|__________>| RNA |__________>|Proteins|
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Transcription Translation
Nucleus Cytoplsasm
Summarize the steps of replication
Enzymes unzip the helix
DNA polymerase binds nucleotides together to form new strands that are complementary to the original strands
Two identical DNA molecules result
What are the differences between DNA and RNA
DNA- contains the sugar deoxyribose Has the bases A,C,G,T Typically double stranded RNA- contains the sugar ribose Has the bases A,C,G,U Typically single stranded
Define tRNA
Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome to help make the growing protein
Define rRNA
Forms part of ribosomes
Define mRNA
An intermediate message that is translated to form a protein
Define transcription
The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA
Define translation
The process that coverts an mRNA message into a polypeptide
Define codon
A sequence of three nucleotides that code of one amino acid
Define reading frame
The order in which nucleotides are read
Outline the steps of translation
Start codon
An exposed codon attracts a complementary tRNA bearing an amino acid
The ribosome forms a peptide bond between the amino acids. It breaks the bond between the first amino acid and the tRNA
The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of one codon. The first tRNA exits the ribosome and another codon is exposed
Define DNA replication
The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle
A template is something that serves as a
Pattern
Define DNA polymerase
an enzyme that makes DNA by forming bonds between nucleotides
