Chapter 2 Test Flashcards
Compare pH level of blood vs water- what does pH # tell you? Describe the relationship between H+ concentration and the pH value.
Water’s pH is 7.0 and blood’s pH is 7.4. Becuse pH is a measure of a substances acidity, the pH number indicates water having a higher acidity than blood.
The higher the H+ concentration, the higher a substances acidity is, and the lower the H+ concentration, the lower a substances acidity is.
What are 3 important properties of water that hydrogen bonds are responsible for? Define them- know example
High specific heat- water resists change in temperature which can help regulate cell temperatures
Adhesion- the attraction among molecules of different substances, helps plants transport water from their roots to their leaves
Cohesion- the attraction among molecules of a substance, can be shown through water beads after washing a car and surface tension
How do polar molecules form hydrogen bonds?
Polar molecules can bond with a hydrogen atoms because polar atoms have a slight positive or negative charge. Hydrogen atoms have a slightly positive charge, therefore can bond with polar molecules with a slightly negative charge.
What determines whether a compound will dissolve in water?
If a compound is polar, it has the ability to dissolve in water because the attraction between the water molecules and the polar compound is greater than the attraction among the molecules of that compound.
Four main types of carbon-based molecules found in living things. Define
Function
Example
Carbohydrates: Molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Function- can be broken down to provide a usable scorce of chemical energy. Example- sugars, startches, and are a major part of plant cell structure
Lipids: Nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Function- can be broken down as a usable scorce of energy for cells, can store chemical energy in organisms, and are part of a cells structure. Example- fats, oils, cholesterol
Proteins: Polymer made of monomers called amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Function- movement, eyesight, and digestion. Example- hemoglobin
Nucleic Acids: Polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms. Function- nucleic acids work together to make proteins. Example- RNA and DNA
Explain why concentration is important in a chemical reaction
A concentration is how much or little there is of a substance, and it determines which direction a chemical reation can go and when equallibrium can be reached
Explain the affect of a catalyst on activation energy
It decreases the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reation
Describe how the interaction between an enzyme and its substrates changes a chemical reaction
An enzyme binds substrates to active sites, which then weakens their bonds. When the bond between substrates are weakened, less activation energy is needed to break those bonds to start a chemical reaction.
What conditions favor enzymes within chemical reactions?
Stable conditions for example, an organisms normal body temperature and a neutral pH.
What are the three properties of water from hydrogen bonds?
High specific heat, cohesion, and adhesion
What does pH stand for?
Potential hydrogen
What is your body’s pH?
7.4
a compound that can bind to an H+ ion when the H+ concentration increases, and can release an H+ ion when the H+ concentration decreases. In other words, it “locks up” H+ ions and helps to maintain homeostasis.
buffer
Regions around a nucleus where electrons are located
Energy levels
Determines how atoms are formed or form bonds
Outermost energy level
