Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 0

Element

Answer 0

Substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest basic unit of matter

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

Substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio

Question 3

Ion

Answer 3

Atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

Question 4

Ionic bond

Answer 4

Chemical bond formed through the electricial force between oppositely charged ions

Question 5

Covalent bond

Answer 5

Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 6

Molecule

Answer 6

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 7

Hydrogen bond

Answer 7

Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

Attraction between molecules of different substances

Question 9

Solution

Answer 9

Mixture that is consistent throughout

Question 10

Solvent

Answer 10

Substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution

Question 11

Solute

Answer 11

Substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at a lower concentration than the solvent

Question 12

Acid

Answer 12

Compound that donates a proton when dissolved in a solution

Question 13

Base

Answer 13

Compound that accepts a proton when dissolved in solution

Question 14

pH

Answer 14

Measurement of acidity

Question 15

Monomer

Answer 15

Molecular subunit of a polymer

Question 16

Polymer

Answer 16

Large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers

Question 17

Carbohydrate

Answer 17

Molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (includes sugars and startches)

Question 18

Lipid

Answer 18

Nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (includes fats, oils, cholesterol)

Question 19

Fatty acids

Answer 19

Hydrogen and carbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid

Question 20

Protein

Answer 20

Polymer made of monomers called amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 21

Amino acid

Answer 21

Molecule that makes up proteins

Question 22

Nucleic acid

Answer 22

Polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms

Question 23

Chemical reaction

Answer 23

Process by which substances change into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds

Question 24

Reactant

Answer 24

Substance that is changed by a chemical reaction

Question 25

Product

Answer 25

Substance formed by a chemical reaction

Question 26

Bond energy

Answer 26

Amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms OR the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms

Question 27

Equilibrium

Answer 27

Condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate

Question 28

Activation energy

Answer 28

Energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction

Question 29

Exothermic

Answer 29

Chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs in the form of heat

Question 30

Endothermic

Answer 30

Chemical relation that absorbs more energy than it releases