Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 0

Cytoplasm

Answer 0

Jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells, organelles

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

One of the first unifying concepts in biology; theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life

Question 2

Organelles

Answer 2

membrane-bound structure that is specialized to preform a distinct process within a cell

Question 3

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

Cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

Cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

Network of proteins, such as microtubules and micro filaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cells DNA

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Interconnected network of thin folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins

Question 8

Vesicles

Answer 8

Small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm

Question 9

Mitochondrion

Answer 9

Bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA

Question 10

Vacuole

Answer 10

Organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Organelle that contains enzymes

Question 12

Centrioles

Answer 12

Small, cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids mitosis

Question 13

Cell wall

Answer 13

Rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

Organelle composed of numberous membranes that are used to covert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

stack of flat, membrane enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

Organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins

Question 17

Cell membrane

Answer 17

Plasma membrane; double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell

Question 18

Phospholipid

Answer 18

Molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane; consists if a gycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids

Question 19

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 19

A model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane

Question 20

Selective permeability

Answer 20

condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane

Question 21

Receptor

Answer 21

Protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response

Question 22

passive transport

Answer 22

movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell

Question 23

diffusion

Answer 23

movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 24

concentration gradient

Answer 24

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

Question 25

osmosis

Answer 25

diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

Question 26

isotonic

Answer 26

solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution

Question 27

hypertonic

Answer 27

solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles comared with another solution

Question 28

hypotonic

Answer 28

solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution

Question 29

facilitated diffusion

Answer 29

diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane

Question 30

Active transport

Answer 30

Energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration

Question 31

Endocytosis

Answer 31

Uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane

Question 32

Exocytosis

Answer 32

Realease of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane

Question 33

Phagocytosis

Answer 33

Uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle