Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 0

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 0

Low-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP by the addition of a phosphate

Question 1

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

High-energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use

Question 2

Chemosynthesis

Answer 2

Process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy scorce instead of light

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

A process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy

Question 4

Chlorophyll

Answer 4

A pigment molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light

Question 5

Thylakoids

Answer 5

Membrane-bound structure within chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light-absorbing pigments

Question 6

Light-dependent reactions

Answer 6

Part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions

Question 7

Light-independent reactions

Answer 7

Part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reactions to sythesize carbohydrates

Question 8

Cellular respiration

Answer 8

Process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present

Question 9

Aerobic

Answer 9

A process that requires oxygen to occur

Question 10

Glycolysis

Answer 10

An anaerobic process which splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP

Question 11

Anaerobic

Answer 11

A process that does not require oxygen to occur

Question 12

Krebs cycle

Answer 12

Produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration

Question 13

Fermentation

Answer 13

Anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis

Question 14

Lactic acid

Answer 14

Product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells