Chapter 8

Question 0

“Self-feeders”, self sustaining producers of the biosphere

Answer 0

Autotrophs

Question 1

The conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar and other molecules

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

The biosphere’s consumers

Answer 2

Heterotrophs

Question 3

The tissue in the interior of the leaf

Answer 3

Mesophyll

Question 4

Microscopic pores in which CO2 enters and O2 exits

Answer 4

Stomata

Question 5

Dense fluid inside the chloroplasts

Answer 5

Stroma

Question 6

Green pigments in the thylakoid membrane that absorbs light energy

Answer 6

Chlorophyll

Question 7

The first stage in photosynthesis that splits water and provides NADPH and ATP to the second stage

Answer 7

Light reaction

Question 8

The second stage in photosynthesis that produces sugar for the rest of the cell to use

Answer 8

Calvin cycle

Question 9

The electron acceptor in chlorophyll

Answer 9

NADP+

Question 10

When the light reaction generates ATP by adding a phosphate group to ADP

Answer 10

Photophosphorylation

Question 11

The initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds

Answer 11

Carbon fixation

Question 12

A flattened, membranous sac inside a chloroplast

Answer 12

Thylakoid

Question 13

The distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves

Answer 13

Wavelength

Question 14

The range of radiation of wavelengths

Answer 14

Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 15

The radiation that can be detected as various colors

Answer 15

Visible light

Question 16

Particles from light that have a fixed quantity of energy

Answer 16

Photons

Question 17

A machine that measures the absorption of light at different wavelengths

Answer 17

Spectrophotometer

Question 18

A graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption verses wavelength

Answer 18

Absorption spectrum

Question 19

A main pigment of chloroplasts which participates directly in the light reactions

Answer 19

Chlorophyll a

Question 20

The accessory pigment in chloroplasts

Answer 20

Chlorophyll b

Question 21

This profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving the process

Answer 21

Action spectrum

Question 22

A group of accessory pigments that appear yellow-orange because they absorb violet and blue-green

Answer 22

Carotenoids

Question 23

A light-capturing unit in the thylakoid membrane consisting of a reaction center complex surrounded by numerous light-harvesting complexes

Answer 23

Photosystem

Question 24

The organized association of proteins in a photosystem where the reactions from the photon acceptance occurs

Answer 24

Reaction-center complex

Question 25

The region of various pigment molecules that harvests light over a large surface area

Answer 25

Light-harvesting complex

Question 26

A molecule capable of becoming reduced (chlorophyll a)

Answer 26

Primary electron acceptor

Question 27

A light capturing unit in the thylakoid membrane that has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a in its reaction center

Answer 27

Photosystem II

Question 28

A light capturing unit in the thylakoid membrane that has two molecules of P700 chlorophyll a in the reaction center

Answer 28

Photosystem I

Question 29

The energy transformation through the photosystems that occurs during the light reaction

Answer 29

Linear electron flow

Question 30

A three-carbon sugar produced by the Calvin cycle

Answer 30

G3P

Question 31

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle

Answer 31

Rubisco

Question 32

Plants in which carbon fixation occur, producing the three carbon compound 3-phosphoglycerate

Answer 32

C3 plants

Question 33

When CO2 becomes scarce and plants use O2 in the Calvin cycle

Answer 33

Photorespiration

Question 34

Plants in which carbon fixation occurs in different types of cells due to the hot climate

Answer 34

C4 plants

Question 35

When plants take up CO2 at night and incorporate it into various organic acids

Answer 35

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)

Question 36

Plants that store organic acids over night in vacuoles, then release them during light reactions in the day

Answer 36

CAM plants