Chapter 10 Flashcards
Difference in hereditary traits
Variation
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Heredity
Scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation
Genetics
Coded information in the form of hereditary units
Genes
Reproductive cells
Gametes
All cells of the body except the gametes and their precursors
Somatic cells
A gene’s specific location along the length of a chromosome
Locus
A single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes
Asexual reproduction
A group of genetically identical individuals
Clone
Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents
Sexual reproduction
The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism
Life cycle
Image of the chromosomes are arranged in pairs, starting with the longest chromosome
Karyotype
Two chromosomes of a pair have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
Homologous chromosomes
X and Y chromosomes
Sex chromosomes
All other chromosomes separate from the sex chromosomes
Autosomes
Any cell with two chromosome sets
Diploid cell
Gametes containing a single set of chromosomes
Haploid cell
The union of gametes
Fertilization
The resulting fertilized egg
Zygote
Cell division that reduces the number of sets of chromosomes from two to one in the gametes
Meiosis
A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte
Alternation of generations
First part of cell division that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes sets as an original cell
Meiosis I
Second part of cell division that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell
Meiosis II
Paired homologs become physically connected to each other along their lengths by a zipper-like protein
Synapsis
