Chapter 7

Question 0

Most efficient catabolic pathway, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel

Answer 0

Aerobic respiration

Question 1

A partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen

Answer 1

Fermentation

Question 2

The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electric transport chain to produce ATP

Answer 2

Cellular respiration

Question 3

The transfer of electrons from one reactant to another

Answer 3

Redox reactions

Question 4

When a substance looses electrons

Answer 4

Oxidation

Question 5

When a substance gains electrons

Answer 5

Reduction

Question 6

The electron donor, looses the electron

Answer 6

Reducing agent

Question 7

The electron acceptor, gains electron

Answer 7

Oxidizing agent

Question 8

A coenzyme that carries electrons

Answer 8

NAD+

Question 9

A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP

Answer 9

Electron transport chain

Question 10

Beginning of the degradation process by breaking down glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate

Answer 10

Glycolysis

Question 11

A chemical course involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules that begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide within the mitochondrion

Answer 11

Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)

Question 12

The synthesis of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain, third step in cellular respiration

Answer 12

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism

Answer 13

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 14

The entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration formed from a two carbon fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme

Answer 14

Acetyl CoA

Question 15

An iron-containing protein that is a component of electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplast of eukaryotic cells

Answer 15

Cytochrome

Question 16

The enzyme that makes ATP from ADP

Answer 16

ATP Synthase

Question 17

The process in which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is used to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP

Answer 17

Chemiosmosis

Question 18

The H+ gradient that is deposited in the intermembrane space emphasizing the capacity of the gradient to perform work

Answer 18

Proton-motive force

Question 19

Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol, regenerating NAD+ and releasing carbon dioxide

Answer 19

Alcohol fermentation

Question 20

Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD+ with no release of carbon dioxide

Answer 20

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 21

Organisms that carry out only fermentation or _______ respiration; can’t survive in oxygen

Answer 21

Obligate anaerobes

Question 22

Organisms that can make enough ATP to survive using either fermentation or respiration

Answer 22

Facultative anaerobes

Question 23

A metabolic sequence that breaks the fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments, which enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA

Answer 23

Beta oxidation