Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is the solute?
Substance that is dissolved
What is the solvent?
Substance that does the dissolving
A difference in concentration is called…
Gradient
Which form of diffusion requires channel or carrier proteins?
Fracilitated
Which direction do particles move during diffusion
Down concentration gradient; high to low
True or false?
Passive transport requires energy from the cell
False
True or false?
Osmosis is an example of passive transport?
True
What type of environment has a higher concentration than the cell?
Hypertonic
Which direction will water flow in an isotonic solution?
In and out of cell
Which type of has a lower concentration than the cell?
Hypotonic
What happens to cells in hypotonic solutions?
Swell
What is it called when cells shrink as a result of osmosis
Crenation
The effect of a hypotonic solution on a cell?
Burst/swell
The name for the 2 layer structure?
Lipid bilayer
Direction water flows in isotonic?
In and out
This type f protein identifies cells
Cell surface markers
Chemical signal produced by cells and transported by the blood
Hormone
Ion can be moved against the concentration gradient by these
Pumps
What is diffusion?
The movement of substances down a concentration gradient
Molecule that helps stabilize phosolipida
Cholesterol
2 ways send signals through body
Nerves and chemicals
Type of protein is attached to the inside or outside of the membrane
Peri feral
Protein that helps start chemical reactions in the cell
Enzymes
What is equilibrium?
When the space is filled evenly
Passive transport
No energy
High to low
Active transport
Needs energy (ATP) Low to high
Transport substances that fit within their binding site
Carrier protein
Ions, sugars, and amino acids diffuse through…
Channel proteins
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Movement of a large substance into a cell by a vesicle
Endocytosis
Movement of material out of a cell by a vesicle
Exocytosis
Phagoctosis
Solid
Pintocyrosis
Liquid
Diffusion directly through the membrane
Simple
Diffusion with carrier and channel proteins
Facilitated
Response to specific signals is made possible by…
Receptor proteins
Acts as a signal molecule within the cell; causes charges in the cytoplasm and nucleus
Second messenger
A cell may respond to a signal by…
- Changing its membrane permeability
- Activating enzymes
- Forming a second messenger
Receptor protein has a unique shape called?
Binding site
