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Biology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

First Gap Phase

A
  • cell grows

- cell performs normal functions

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2
Q

Synthesis

A

-DNA replication

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3
Q

Second Gap Phase

A
  • cell grows

- cell prepares to divide

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4
Q

Prophase

A
  • 1st phase of mitosis
  • spindle fibers form
  • nuclear membrane disappears
  • chromosomes uncoil into sister chromatids
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5
Q

Metaphase

A
  • 2nd phase of mitosis
  • spindle fibers attach to centromeres
  • sister chromatids line up in middle of cell
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6
Q

Anaphase

A
  • 3rd phase of mitosis
  • chromatids pulled to opposite ends of cell
  • sister chromatids are separated
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7
Q

Telophase

A
  • 4th phase of mitosis
  • spindle fibers disappear
  • nuclear membrane forms
  • chromatids uncoil
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8
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  • cytoplasm separated

- cell membrane pinches inward

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9
Q

process of nuclear division; steps of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

A

mitosis

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10
Q

protein around which DNA is wrapped

A

histone

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11
Q

DNA molecule wrapped around histone cores

A

nucleosome

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12
Q

uncoiled form of DNA: present during interphase

A

chromatin

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13
Q

segment of DNA

A

chromosome

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14
Q

thick, coiled strand of DNA: present during mitosis

A

chromatid

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15
Q

connects sister chromatids

A

centromere

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16
Q

sections of DNA that code for RNA and proteins

A

genes

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17
Q

part of cell cycle; cell grows and prepares to divide; consists of G1, S, G2 phases; most of cell’s life

A

interphase

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18
Q

cytoplasm and membrane separate; results in two identical daughter cells

A

cytokinesis

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19
Q

organelle that produces the spindle fibers

A

centrosome

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20
Q

microtubules that attach to and move the chromatids during mitosis

A

spindle

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21
Q

group of severe and potentially fatal diseases that are caused by uncontrolled cell growth

A

cancer

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22
Q

mass of rapidly dividing cancer cells; can invade and destroy nearby tissues

A

tumor

23
Q

tumor that can spread to other body parts

A

malignant

24
Q

tumor that remains localized

A

benign

25
Q

piece of tumor breaks away and spreads to other part(s) of the body

A

metastasis

26
Q

why do cells divide

A

to grow more tissue, replaced damaged or dead cells, to keep from getting to big

27
Q

how is DNA packaged in the nucleus

A

package in different forms (chromatin, chromatids) depending on the phase of the cell cycle

28
Q

how are prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA different

A

prokaryotic: single loop of DNA
eukaryotic: several linear molecules of DNA

29
Q

how do cells prepare for division

A

DNA is replicated and special structures are formed to help with division

30
Q

how do prokaryotic cells divide

A
  • DNA replicated
  • Cell membrane pinches between copies of DNA
  • Cell grows; nearly doubling in size
  • Cell wall forms and pinches in the middle
  • Cell separates completely into two cells
31
Q

what factors control cell growth and division

A
  • checkpoints are points in the cell cycle when a feedback signal is required
  • proper cell size and structures can affect cell growth and division at checkpoints
32
Q

how do feedback signals affect the cell cycle

A

feedback signals cause the cell cycle to proceed to the next stop or pause

33
Q

checks for appropriate size and structures

A

G1 checkpoint

34
Q

checks for accurate replication of DNA

A

G2 checkpoint

35
Q

checks for proper attachments of spindle fibers to centromeres

A

mitosis checkpoint

36
Q

what ways are there to treat cancer

A
  • surgery
  • chemotherapy
  • radiation
37
Q

a segment of DNA that codes for RNA and protein is a

A

gene

38
Q

which is a substance consisting of DNA and protein

A

chromatin

39
Q

uncoiled version of chromosomes

A

chromatin

40
Q

the repeated sequence of growth and division during the life of a cell is called

A

the cell cycle

41
Q

the first three phases of the life cycle are called

A

interphase

42
Q

what is the process during which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei

A

mitosis

43
Q

the phase of cell division when the cytoplasm is divided is called

A

cytokinesis

44
Q

during cell division, each single strand of DNA becomes fully condensed in the form of a

A

chromatid

45
Q

uncoiled

A

chromatin

46
Q

coiled

A

chromatid

47
Q

a type of protein found in eukaryotic chromosomes but not prokaryotic is

A

histone

48
Q

during cell division, sister chromatids are separated at the

A

centromere

49
Q

which of these is a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis to pull chromatids to opposite ends of a cell

A

spindle

50
Q

a group of severe and sometimes fatal diseases caused by uncontrolled cell growth

A

cancer

51
Q

a mass of defective cells that divide rapidly is a

A

tumor

52
Q

cell growth and division depend on

A

protein signals and environmental signals

53
Q

mb

A

nnm

Biology (8 decks)

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