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Biology > Chapter 35 > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body

-made up of heart, blood vessels, and blood

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2
Q

a chamber that receives blood that is returning to the heart

A

atrium

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3
Q

one of the two large, muscular chambers that pump blood out of the heart

A

ventricle

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4
Q

the rhythmic pressure of the blood against the walls of a vessle, particularly an artery

A

pulse

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5
Q

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs

A

artery

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6
Q

a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in tissue

A

capillary

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7
Q

a vessel that carries blood to the heart

A

vein

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8
Q

the liquid component of blood

A

plasma

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9
Q

a disc-shaped cell that has no nucleus, that contains hemoglobin, and that transports oxygen in the circulatory system

A

red blood cell (RBC)

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10
Q

a type of cell in the blood that destroys pathogens and helps the body develop immunities

A

white blood cell (WBC)

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11
Q

a fragment of a cell that is needed to form blood clots

A

platelet

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12
Q

the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries

A

blood pressure

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13
Q

the death of heart tissue due to a blockage of their blood supply

A

heart attack

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14
Q

a sudden loss of consciousness or paralysis that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is interrupted

A

stroke

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15
Q

the hardening and narrowing of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

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16
Q

the passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus

A

pharynx

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17
Q

the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds

(a.k.a. voice box)

A

larynx

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18
Q

the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs

A

trachea

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19
Q

one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea

A

bronchus

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20
Q

any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

A

alveolus

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21
Q

a dome-shaped muscle that is attached to the lower ribs and that functions as the main muscle in respiration

A

diaphragm

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22
Q

What type of vessel leads away from the heart?

A

artery

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23
Q

What circuit (or loop) carries blood between the heart and lungs?

A

pulmonary

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24
Q

Which part of the blood carries oxygen?

A

red blood cells

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25
Q

What is the top number on the blood pressure reading?

A

systolic

26
Q

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

A

atria

27
Q

What is also known as the voice box?

A

larynx

28
Q

What is the liquid part of the blood?

A

plasma

29
Q

Which muscle is most important for breathing?

A

diaphragm

30
Q

What is the #1 cause of death in the United States?

A

cardiovascular disease

31
Q

What condition occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain id blocked?

A

stroke

32
Q

Which part of the blood helps to stop blood loss?

A

platlets

33
Q

When a person’s blood pressure is above 120/80 they have…

A

hypertension

34
Q

Steps of the respiratory system?

A 
mouth
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
capillaries
35
Q

the circulatory system

A 
heart
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
36
Q

Steps of the blood flow through the heart and body

A 
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
37
Q

Where are nutrients and oxygen exchanged between the blood and tissues?

A

a. veins
b. venules
c. arteries
d. capillaries

38
Q

Which of these disorders is common among smokers?

A

lung cancer

39
Q

What wall divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle?

A

septum

40
Q

What part of the heart prevents back flow of blood?

A

valves

41
Q

What are the air sacs in the lungs?

A

a. trachea
b. alveoli
c. bronchi
d. bronchioles

42
Q

What can decrease risk for cardiovascular disease?

A

healthy diet
exercise
don’t smoke

43
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

120/80

44
Q

What is a part of inhalation?

A
  • diaphram contracts
  • increase chest volume
  • external air rushes in
45
Q

What is part of exhalation?

A
  • diaphragm relaxes
  • decrease volume of chest
  • air forced out of lungs
46
Q

Which is the only artery that contains oxygen-poor blood?

A

pulmonary

47
Q

The trachea splits into…

A

bronchi

48
Q

Which part of the blood helps fight infections?

A

White blood cells

49
Q

The heart vessels, and blood make up the __ system

A

cardiovascular

50
Q

which parts of the heart signals the heart to beat?

A

ventricles

51
Q

What part of the heart pumps blood out of the heart?

A

ventricles

52
Q

Smoking increases the risk of …

A

-stroke
-emphysema
-arteriosclerosis
-lung cancer
and more

53
Q

vessels which carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

54
Q

vessels which carry blood toward the heart

A

veins

55
Q

tiny blood vessels with walls that are only one cell thick

A

capillaries

56
Q

thick wall that divides the heart into two sides

A

septum

57
Q

upper chambers of the heart that recieve blood

A

atria

58
Q

lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart

A

ventricles

59
Q

valve between right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid

60
Q

the only artery in the body rich in carbon dioxide

A

puliminary

61
Q

the only vein in the body rich in oxygen

A

pulminary

Biology (8 decks)

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