Chapter 35 Flashcards
Cardiovascular system
a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body
-made up of heart, blood vessels, and blood
a chamber that receives blood that is returning to the heart
atrium
one of the two large, muscular chambers that pump blood out of the heart
ventricle
the rhythmic pressure of the blood against the walls of a vessle, particularly an artery
pulse
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs
artery
a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in tissue
capillary
a vessel that carries blood to the heart
vein
the liquid component of blood
plasma
a disc-shaped cell that has no nucleus, that contains hemoglobin, and that transports oxygen in the circulatory system
red blood cell (RBC)
a type of cell in the blood that destroys pathogens and helps the body develop immunities
white blood cell (WBC)
a fragment of a cell that is needed to form blood clots
platelet
the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
blood pressure
the death of heart tissue due to a blockage of their blood supply
heart attack
a sudden loss of consciousness or paralysis that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is interrupted
stroke
the hardening and narrowing of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
the passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus
pharynx
the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds
(a.k.a. voice box)
larynx
the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs
trachea
one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea
bronchus
any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
alveolus
a dome-shaped muscle that is attached to the lower ribs and that functions as the main muscle in respiration
diaphragm
What type of vessel leads away from the heart?
artery
What circuit (or loop) carries blood between the heart and lungs?
pulmonary
Which part of the blood carries oxygen?
red blood cells
What is the top number on the blood pressure reading?
systolic
What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
atria
What is also known as the voice box?
larynx
What is the liquid part of the blood?
plasma
Which muscle is most important for breathing?
diaphragm
What is the #1 cause of death in the United States?
cardiovascular disease
What condition occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain id blocked?
stroke
Which part of the blood helps to stop blood loss?
platlets
When a person’s blood pressure is above 120/80 they have…
hypertension
Steps of the respiratory system?
mouth pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli capillaries
the circulatory system
heart arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins
Steps of the blood flow through the heart and body
right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary veins left atrium left ventricle aorta
Where are nutrients and oxygen exchanged between the blood and tissues?
a. veins
b. venules
c. arteries
d. capillaries
Which of these disorders is common among smokers?
lung cancer
What wall divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle?
septum
What part of the heart prevents back flow of blood?
valves
What are the air sacs in the lungs?
a. trachea
b. alveoli
c. bronchi
d. bronchioles
What can decrease risk for cardiovascular disease?
healthy diet
exercise
don’t smoke
What is normal blood pressure?
120/80
What is a part of inhalation?
- diaphram contracts
- increase chest volume
- external air rushes in
What is part of exhalation?
- diaphragm relaxes
- decrease volume of chest
- air forced out of lungs
Which is the only artery that contains oxygen-poor blood?
pulmonary
The trachea splits into…
bronchi
Which part of the blood helps fight infections?
White blood cells
The heart vessels, and blood make up the __ system
cardiovascular
which parts of the heart signals the heart to beat?
ventricles
What part of the heart pumps blood out of the heart?
ventricles
Smoking increases the risk of …
-stroke
-emphysema
-arteriosclerosis
-lung cancer
and more
vessels which carry blood away from the heart
arteries
vessels which carry blood toward the heart
veins
tiny blood vessels with walls that are only one cell thick
capillaries
thick wall that divides the heart into two sides
septum
upper chambers of the heart that recieve blood
atria
lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart
ventricles
valve between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid
the only artery in the body rich in carbon dioxide
puliminary
the only vein in the body rich in oxygen
pulminary
