Chapter 8

Question 1

What are vitamins?

Answer 1

Substances found in foods that can be converted into an active form once absorbed

Vitamins are essential for various bodily functions and must be obtained from the diet.

Question 2

What is the main difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body, while water-soluble vitamins are not stored and are excreted

Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K, whereas water-soluble vitamins include B vitamins and vitamin C.

Question 3

List the fat-soluble vitamins.

Answer 3

• A
• D
• E
• K

These vitamins require fat for absorption and can be toxic in high doses.

Question 4

List the water-soluble vitamins.

Answer 4

• B vitamins
• C

These vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream and require small amounts.

Question 5

Where are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed in the body?

Answer 5

Upper part of the small intestine

They are packed in micelles and chylomicrons for transport.

Question 6

How are water-soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 6

Most absorbed in the upper part of the small intestine, except some in the lower part

They enter the bloodstream directly.

Question 7

What happens to excess water-soluble vitamins in the body?

Answer 7

Excess is excreted

This leads to a low risk of toxicity compared to fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 8

Which vitamins can be toxic in high doses?

Answer 8

Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)

Particularly vitamin A and D have a higher risk of toxicity.

Question 9

What are some major food sources of fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 9

• Fortified milk
• Oils

These foods help provide the necessary fat for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 10

What is the degree to which a nutrient is absorbed from foods called?

Answer 10

Absorption

This is a critical factor in determining nutrient availability.

Question 11

True or False: Water-soluble vitamins are stored in the body.

Answer 11

False

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored and must be consumed regularly.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic in ______ doses.

Answer 12

high

Toxicity is a concern with excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 13

What is the role of vitamins A, C, and E in the body?

Answer 13

Neutralize free radicals

These vitamins are known for their antioxidant properties.