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Nutrition & Diet > Chapter 4 Basics > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

Attraction that holds atoms together to
form a molecule

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2
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Forms when 2 or more atoms interact and
are held together

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

Molecule that contains 2 or more different elements (such as C6H12O6) in specific proportions

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4
Q

What are bonds?

A

Links between atoms, single and multiple.

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5
Q

A solution has a what? And what is a common thing found in solutions?

A

Solvent (can have multiple solvents in one solution) and water

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6
Q

What is an ion?

A

Atom or group of atoms,that has a positive or negative charge

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7
Q

How does an ion form?

A

Form when an atom or
group of atoms gains or
loses 1 or more
electrons

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8
Q

What are acids?

A

Donate or lose hydrogen ions (h+)

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9
Q

What are bases?

A

Accept hydrogen ions (h-), to create less acidity on the ph scale.

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10
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

process that changes arrangement of atoms in molecules

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11
Q

What is digestion?

A

molecules in food are broken down into smaller ones
(decomposition).

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12
Q

What is catabolism?

A

breaking down molecules

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13
Q

What is anabolism?

A

building up molecules

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14
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

molecule that catalyzes (speeds
up) the rate of a chemical reaction. Needs protein.

• In general, names of enzymes end in
“ase”:
sucrase, lactase, lipase, protease

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15
Q

What are organelles?

A

structures within cells that perform specialized functions.

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16
Q

What is a nucleus of a cell?

A

Organization and expression of the genetic material (DNA).

17
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Protein synthesis happens.

18
Q

What is plasma membrane?

A

Movement of substances into and out of the cell.

19
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Contains organelles.

20
Q

What does the mitochondrion do?

A

Site of ATP (high-energy molecule ) synthesis.

21
Q

What are tissues?

A

mass of cells that have similar characteristics and functions

22
Q

What are the 4 tissue groups?

A

Epithelial: form linings and covering like your skin.

Connective: cells that hold together, protect, and support organs. (Bones, fat, even blood)

Muscle: allows body movement

Nervous: sends signals to the body

23
Q

What is an organ?

A

collection of tissues that perform in a related fashion (liver, heart, stomach etc.)

24
Q

What is on organ system?

A

group of organs that work together for a similar purpose for example-humans.

25
Q

What are the 9 organ systems?

A

Cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic/immune, urinary, muscular, skeletal, nervous, endocrine, reproductive.

26
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Maintains fluid
balance and
defend the body
against diseases.

27
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart -branch into smaller vessels called capillaries.

28
Q

What do veins do?

A

Bring de-oxygenated blood to the heart, which gets pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated.

29
Q

What is the urinary system?

A

Filters waste from blood and help maintain fluid balance. Includes the kidneys and bladder, bladder holds urine until time for elimination.

30
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

Provides support, movement, and protection and store certain minerals and produce red blood cells.

31
Q

What is nervous system?

A

Neurons transmit info and responses by electrical and chemical signals.

32
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Organs, tissues, and body fat that produce hormones.

33
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, and nails.

34
Q

What is the GI tract?

A

muscular tube that extends
from mouth to anus

35
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

extent to which
digestive tract absorbs nutrients and
how well the body uses them

36
Q

What is absorption?

A

process by which
substances are taken from the GI tract
and the bloodstream or the lymph

37
Q

What are the 3 accessory organs in the digestive system?

A

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Nutrition & Diet (10 decks)

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