Chapter 4: Body Basics

Question 1

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 1

Attraction that holds atoms together to
form a molecule

Question 2

What is a molecule?

Answer 2

Forms when 2 or more atoms interact and
are held together

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

Molecule that contains 2 or more different elements (such as C6H12O6) in specific proportions

Question 4

What are bonds?

Answer 4

Links between atoms, single and multiple.

Question 5

A solution has a what? And what is a common thing found in solutions?

Answer 5

Solvent (can have multiple solvents in one solution) and water

Question 6

What is an ion?

Answer 6

Atom or group of atoms,that has a positive or negative charge

Question 7

How does an ion form?

Answer 7

Form when an atom or
group of atoms gains or
loses 1 or more
electrons

Question 8

What are acids?

Answer 8

Donate or lose hydrogen ions (h+)

Question 9

What are bases?

Answer 9

Accept hydrogen ions (h-), to create less acidity on the ph scale.

Question 10

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 10

process that changes arrangement of atoms in molecules

Question 11

What is digestion?

Answer 11

molecules in food are broken down into smaller ones
(decomposition).

Question 12

What is catabolism?

Answer 12

breaking down molecules

Question 13

What is anabolism?

Answer 13

building up molecules

Question 14

What is an enzyme?

Answer 14

molecule that catalyzes (speeds
up) the rate of a chemical reaction. Needs protein.

• In general, names of enzymes end in
“ase”:
sucrase, lactase, lipase, protease

Question 15

What are organelles?

Answer 15

structures within cells that perform specialized functions.

Question 16

What is a nucleus of a cell?

Answer 16

Organization and expression of the genetic material (DNA).

Question 17

What is a ribosome?

Answer 17

Protein synthesis happens.

Question 18

What is plasma membrane?

Answer 18

Movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 19

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 19

Contains organelles.

Question 20

What does the mitochondrion do?

Answer 20

Site of ATP (high-energy molecule ) synthesis.

Question 21

What are tissues?

Answer 21

mass of cells that have similar characteristics and functions

Question 22

What are the 4 tissue groups?

Answer 22

Epithelial: form linings and covering like your skin.

Connective: cells that hold together, protect, and support organs. (Bones, fat, even blood)

Muscle: allows body movement

Nervous: sends signals to the body

Question 23

What is an organ?

Answer 23

collection of tissues that perform in a related fashion (liver, heart, stomach etc.)

Question 24

What is on organ system?

Answer 24

group of organs that work together for a similar purpose for example-humans.

Question 25

What are the 9 organ systems?

Answer 25

Cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic/immune, urinary, muscular, skeletal, nervous, endocrine, reproductive.

Question 26

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 26

Maintains fluid balance and defend the body against diseases.

Question 27

What do arteries do?

Answer 27

Carry blood away from the heart -branch into smaller vessels called capillaries.

Question 28

What do veins do?

Answer 28

Bring de-oxygenated blood to the heart, which gets pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Question 29

What is the urinary system?

Answer 29

Filters waste from blood and help maintain fluid balance. Includes the kidneys and bladder, bladder holds urine until time for elimination.

Question 30

What is the skeletal system?

Answer 30

Provides support, movement, and protection and store certain minerals and produce red blood cells.

Question 31

What is nervous system?

Answer 31

Neurons transmit info and responses by electrical and chemical signals.

Question 32

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 32

Organs, tissues, and body fat that produce hormones.

Question 33

What is the integumentary system?

Answer 33

Skin, hair, and nails.

Question 34

What is the GI tract?

Answer 34

muscular tube that extends from mouth to anus

Question 35

What is bioavailability?

Answer 35

extent to which digestive tract absorbs nutrients and how well the body uses them

Question 36

What is absorption?

Answer 36

process by which substances are taken from the GI tract and the bloodstream or the lymph

Question 37

What are the 3 accessory organs in the digestive system?

Answer 37

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.