Chapter 4: Body Basics Flashcards
What is a chemical bond?
Attraction that holds atoms together to
form a molecule
What is a molecule?
Forms when 2 or more atoms interact and
are held together
What is a compound?
Molecule that contains 2 or more different elements (such as C6H12O6) in specific proportions
What are bonds?
Links between atoms, single and multiple.
A solution has a what? And what is a common thing found in solutions?
Solvent (can have multiple solvents in one solution) and water
What is an ion?
Atom or group of atoms,that has a positive or negative charge
How does an ion form?
Form when an atom or
group of atoms gains or
loses 1 or more
electrons
What are acids?
Donate or lose hydrogen ions (h+)
What are bases?
Accept hydrogen ions (h-), to create less acidity on the ph scale.
What is a chemical reaction?
process that changes arrangement of atoms in molecules
What is digestion?
molecules in food are broken down into smaller ones
(decomposition).
What is catabolism?
breaking down molecules
What is anabolism?
building up molecules
What is an enzyme?
molecule that catalyzes (speeds
up) the rate of a chemical reaction. Needs protein.
• In general, names of enzymes end in
“ase”:
sucrase, lactase, lipase, protease
What are organelles?
structures within cells that perform specialized functions.
What is a nucleus of a cell?
Organization and expression of the genetic material (DNA).
What is a ribosome?
Protein synthesis happens.
What is plasma membrane?
Movement of substances into and out of the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
Contains organelles.
What does the mitochondrion do?
Site of ATP (high-energy molecule ) synthesis.
What are tissues?
mass of cells that have similar characteristics and functions
What are the 4 tissue groups?
Epithelial: form linings and covering like your skin.
Connective: cells that hold together, protect, and support organs. (Bones, fat, even blood)
Muscle: allows body movement
Nervous: sends signals to the body
What is an organ?
collection of tissues that perform in a related fashion (liver, heart, stomach etc.)
What is on organ system?
group of organs that work together for a similar purpose for example-humans.
What are the 9 organ systems?
Cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic/immune, urinary, muscular, skeletal, nervous, endocrine, reproductive.
What is the lymphatic system?
Maintains fluid
balance and
defend the body
against diseases.
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart -branch into smaller vessels called capillaries.
What do veins do?
Bring de-oxygenated blood to the heart, which gets pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated.
What is the urinary system?
Filters waste from blood and help maintain fluid balance. Includes the kidneys and bladder, bladder holds urine until time for elimination.
What is the skeletal system?
Provides support, movement, and protection and store certain minerals and produce red blood cells.
What is nervous system?
Neurons transmit info and responses by electrical and chemical signals.
What is the endocrine system?
Organs, tissues, and body fat that produce hormones.
What is the integumentary system?
Skin, hair, and nails.
What is the GI tract?
muscular tube that extends
from mouth to anus
What is bioavailability?
extent to which
digestive tract absorbs nutrients and
how well the body uses them
What is absorption?
process by which
substances are taken from the GI tract
and the bloodstream or the lymph
What are the 3 accessory organs in the digestive system?
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
