Chapter 3

Question 1

What is a nutrient requirement?

Answer 1

Smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains the define level of nutritional health

Question 2

What is dietary reference intakes (DRIs)? * umbrella term.

Answer 2

Encompass a variety of daily energy in nutrient intake standards that nutrition expert in the US use as references when making dietary recommendations.

Question 3

What is dietary reference intake EAR?

Answer 3

estimated average requirement and meets the needs of 50% of people

Question 4

What is dietary reference intakes RDAs, AIs and what do you need to have this?

Answer 4

RDA is recommended dietary allowances for nutrient intake goes for 90% of the population not a minimum.

AI is the same as RDA but overestimated best guess.

You need a EAR.

Question 5

Who are DRI’s for?

Answer 5

Healthy adults

Question 6

What is a EER?

Answer 6

Estimated energy requirements. The average daily caloric need for each life stage group. Not the most specific.

Question 7

What is a AMDR?

Answer 7

Acceptable macro nutrient distribution ranges. Uses percentages of daily caloric intake to get proportions.
Carbs 45%-65%
Fats 20%-35%
Protein 10%-35%

Question 8

What are the limitations of AMDR’s?

Answer 8

Huge flaw with quantity and quality. Goes by proportions not total amounts so your plate can be any size.

Question 9

What is CDRR‘s and the one nutrient under the standard?

Answer 9

Chronic disease risk reduction intakes. Sodium is the only nutrient because of risk of high blood pressure and chronic disease.

Question 10

What products similar to dairy are not classified as dairy products and why?

Answer 10

Cream cheese, butter, heavy cream, because high fat and low in calcium.

Question 11

Dairy products are excellent sources of what micronutrients?

Answer 11

Calcium, protein, phosphorus, and riboflavin.

Question 12

What foods are included in the protein category?

Answer 12

Meat, dry beans, peas, eggs, nuts, and seeds. Also, meat-alternatives, milk, cheese, yogurt, because of high protein.

Question 13

Fruits are an excellent source of which micro nutrients?

Answer 13

Phytochemicals, potassium, folate, and vitamin C.

Question 14

what two foods can be included in the vegetable section and are vegetables and excellent source of?

Answer 14

Dried beans and peas. Micronutrients, fiber, and phytochemicals.

Question 15

What are examples of solid fats?

Answer 15

Beef fed butter, stick margarine, coconut oil, palm oil, and shortening. Coconut oil and palm oil are not in the oil group. They are solid fats because they turn solid.

Question 16

What is the processed food that increases chronic disease and obesity and why?

Answer 16

Ultra processed foods for example, carrot cake. Foods high in empty calories digest quickly and hurt the gut because the digestive system isn’t digesting the food.

Question 17

Who creates the dietary guidelines for Americans?

Answer 17

The US Department of agriculture + the US Department of health and human services.

Question 18

What are the limits in the American dietary guidelines and the daily percentages and amounts?

Answer 18

Added sugars (10%), saturated fats (10%) AHA says less than 7%, and sodium (2,300 mg)

Question 19

What nutrients Americans aren’t getting enough of?

Answer 19

Potassium, dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin D.

Question 20

What are daily values based on?

Answer 20

DRIs specific to gender in life stage to the person needing the most vitamins and minerals in that group and 2000 kcal diet.

Question 21

What three things does the FDA regulate on food labels?

Answer 21

Nutrient content claims, health claims, qualified health claims (regulated but limited scientific evidence)

Question 22

What four vitamins and minerals are required to be on food labels?

Answer 22

Vitamin D, iron, calcium, and potassium

Question 23

Nutrient content claims on labels focus on?

Answer 23

Amount

Question 24

What do health claims on labels must say?

Answer 24

May or might

Question 25

Qualified Health Claims on labels must have?

Answer 25

Have to use a disclaimer because the evidence is not very strong

Question 26

Structure/Function claims focus on?

Answer 26

Manufacturer has a claim on a nutrient on a structure or function on the body as long as there is evidence. Not FDA approved. No disease is mentioned. Educational info about Normal functions and structures of the body so they are sneaky to make customers think something special is special about it.

Question 27

What are the five major food groups?

Answer 27

Fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy.